不同焦虑类型高校毕业生职业未决的比较及其与职业决策自我效能感的关系

发布时间：2018-09-18 10:25

【摘要】：高校毕业生的职业决策是关系其个人未来发展与职业方向的重要选择。在此决策过程中,个体会出现各种心理和行为问题,其中职业未决就是—个重要问题。同时,在影响毕业生职业未决的诸多因素中,焦虑情况和职业决策自我效能感是十分重要的两个因素,它们与职业未决之间存在着密切关系。本研究遵循“理论分析—修订问卷—实际调查—关系讨论”的思路,对职业因素问卷(CFI)进行了修订,通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析对问卷结构进行探讨；并在此基础上,采用修订后的《职业因素问卷》(CFI中文修订版)、《状态-特质焦虑量表》(STAI)以及《大学生职业决策自我效能感量表》(CDMSE中文修订版)为测量工具,对830名川、渝两地的高校毕业生进行了调查。通过考察不同焦虑类型高校毕业生的职业未决情况及其与职业决策自我效能感的关系,探讨了状态焦虑和特质焦虑分别对发展性职业未决和情感障碍性职业未决的影响,以及职业决策自我效能感的中介作用。根据对收集到的数据进行统计分析,主要得出以下结论： 1.《职业因素问卷》主要包括四个维度,分为发展性职业未决和情感障碍性职业未决两类,共21个项目。修订后的问卷具有较好的信度和效度,在我国文化背景下适用性较强,可以作为高校毕业生职业未决情况的评估工具。 2.总体上,高校毕业生呈现出不同程度的职业未决状况,并且最高分与最低分之间差距很大,有极端分布倾向。 3.高校毕业生的职业未决在总分和各维度上存在显著的性别差异、学历差异、专业差异和生源地差异。具体表现为：(1)女生的职业未决度普遍高于男生；(2)研究生的职业未决总分和情感障碍性职业未决得分高于本科生；(3)文科生在职业未决总分以及多个维度上的得分均高于理科生；(4)在“职业信息需求”以及“自我了解的需求”这两个发展性职业未决维度上,城市生源的毕业生得分明显低于乡镇和农村。 4.高校毕业生的焦虑情况存在显著的学历差异。由于学历层次的不同以及社会对高学历人才需求量的不断扩大,本科生面临更大的就业压力、更艰难的就业前景,因此他们的焦虑程度略高于研究生。 5.高校毕业生的职业决策自我效能感在总分以及多个维度上存在显著的专业差异和生源地差异。在“选择目标”、“制定规划”、“问题解决”三个维度上：文科生得分普遍高于理科生；同时,在职业决策自我效能感的总分以及各维度上,生源地为乡镇的高校毕业生得分最低,与城市生源和农村生源存在显著差异。 6.高校毕业生的特质焦虑与情感障碍性职业未决各维度存在显著正相关,即特质焦虑水平越高,情感障碍性职业未决度也越高；同时,状态焦虑与发展性职业未的各维度也存在显著正相关,即状态焦虑水平越高,则发展性职业未决度越高。 7.毕业生的焦虑水平与职业未决程度呈显著正相关,即焦虑水平越高的毕业生,其职业未决程度也越高；同时,职业决策自我效能感在两者之间起一定的中介作用。
[Abstract]:Career decision-making of college graduates is an important choice for their future development and career orientation. In the process of decision-making, individuals will have various psychological and behavioral problems, among which career unresolved is an important issue. At the same time, among the many factors affecting graduates'career unresolved, anxiety and career decision-making self-efficacy These are two very important factors, which are closely related to career pending decisions.
Following the idea of "Theoretical Analysis-Revised Questionnaire-Practical Investigation-Relationship Discussion", this study revised the Occupational Factor Questionnaire (CFI) and explored the structure of the questionnaire by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. On this basis, the revised "Occupational Factor Questionnaire" (CFI Chinese Revised Version) and "State-to-state Questionnaire" were adopted. The Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the College Students'Career Decision-making Self-efficacy Inventory (CDMSE) were used to investigate 830 college graduates from Sichuan and Chongqing. Considering the influence of trait anxiety on developmental and affective career unresolved, as well as the mediating effect of career decision-making self-efficacy, the data collected were statistically analyzed and the following conclusions were drawn:
The revised questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and is applicable to the Chinese cultural background. It can be used as an evaluation tool for college graduates'career uncertainties.
2. On the whole, college graduates show different degrees of career unresolved, and the gap between the highest score and the lowest score is very large, with extreme distribution tendency.
3. There are significant gender differences in the total score and each dimension of career indecision among college graduates, educational background differences, professional differences and source differences. The scores of total unsettled scores and multiple dimensions were higher than those of science students. (4) The scores of urban graduates were significantly lower than those of rural and township graduates in the two dimensions of "career information needs" and "self-understanding needs".
4. There are significant academic differences in College graduates'anxiety. Because of the different educational levels and the increasing demand for highly educated talents, undergraduates are facing greater employment pressure and more difficult employment prospects, so their anxiety is slightly higher than that of graduates.
5. There are significant differences in the total score and multiple dimensions of career decision-making self-efficacy between college graduates and students'places of origin. Graduates from villages and towns had the lowest score, which was significantly different from those from cities and countryside.
6. The higher the level of trait anxiety, the higher the level of affective disorder occupational indecision. At the same time, the higher the level of state anxiety, the higher the level of developmental occupational indecision. High.
7. There is a significant positive correlation between the level of anxiety and the degree of career indecision, that is, the higher the level of anxiety, the higher the degree of career indecision; meanwhile, career decision-making self-efficacy plays a mediating role between the two.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G647.38;G444

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