基于词义理解的小学古诗文教学实践研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 09:04

本文选题：词义理解 + 教学实践　；参考：《集美大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是个诗歌古国,流传至今的古诗文,都历经锤炼而熠熠生辉,具有丰富的思想内涵和完美的艺术形式,是传承传统文化的重要工具。小学阶段,加强古诗文的学习,提高学习古诗文的兴趣,掌握一定的古汉语知识,可以为以后的学习奠定基础。古诗文简约精炼、含蓄深邃,在起承转合间,言有尽而意无穷。古诗文独有的语言现象和语言规律,使得理解词义成为读懂古诗文的特殊要求。同时,理解关键词表达情意的作用也是理解能力的核心基础,是小学各学段阅读教学的具体目标。文章从小学语文教师的视角出发,阐述基于词义理解的小学古诗文教学的研究背景、研究目的和意义,采用文献研究法、观察法、实验研究法和行动研究等方式进行深入研究。在对相关研究梳理、分析的基础上,归纳出当前小学古诗文教学的现状如下:囿于参考、浅于理解、轻于感悟等。并围绕教材内容、教学方法、学科素养三个方面剖析现状存在的原因。该研究首先通过大量的理论研究,从心理学、教育学、训诂学三个理论层面寻找依据。心理学角度,提出意义识记为重、形象思维为主、学习兴趣为要三点。教育学角度,主要从建构主义的知识观和教学观出发,强调以“学生为主体”的教学。训诂学角度,通过探究训诂与词义的内在联系,为词义理解提供参考依据。其次,以《课程标准》为依托,寻找实践研究的现实依据,包括:词义理解是小学古诗文教学的重要内容,是古今文言差异性的客观需求,可以促进古诗文教学三维目标的达成。在理论研究的基础上,确定教学原则为科学性、直观性、主体性原则,教学方法为讲读结合法、直观演示法、关联比较法。设计相关教学案例用于行动研究和教学实验,比照教学设计一和教学设计二的教学设计效果,并运用SPSS软件分析实验数据。最后,得出实践研究的结论:有助于解词释句,疏通文意;有助于咀嚼涵泳,品味语言;有助于感知形象,体味意境;有助于传承文化,丰厚底蕴。并基于教师层面,提出相应的教学实施建议:一是提升学科素养,包括古代汉语知识和古典文学知识;二是提高教学技能,包括文本解读和选词教学。
[Abstract]:China is an ancient country of poetry, the ancient poetry and prose have been refined and shining, with rich ideological connotation and perfect art form, is an important tool for the inheritance of traditional culture.In primary school, strengthening the study of ancient poetry and prose, improving the interest of learning ancient poetry and prose, mastering certain knowledge of ancient Chinese can lay the foundation for future study.Ancient poetry and prose concise, profound, in the joint between the words and endless meaning.The unique language phenomena and language rules of ancient poetry and prose make it a special requirement to understand the meaning of words.At the same time, understanding the role of key words to express feelings is the core foundation of the ability of understanding, and is the specific goal of reading teaching in all stages of primary school.From the perspective of primary school Chinese teachers, this paper expounds the research background, purpose and significance of the teaching of ancient poetry and prose in primary schools based on the understanding of word meaning, and adopts the methods of literature research, observation, experimental research and action research.On the basis of combing and analyzing the relevant studies, this paper concludes the current situation of the teaching of ancient poetry and prose in primary schools as follows: limited by reference, shallow in understanding, light in feeling, and so on.And around the teaching material content, the teaching method, the discipline accomplishment three aspects analyzes the present situation existence reason.This research first through a large number of theoretical research, from psychology, pedagogy, exegetics three theoretical levels to find the basis.From the psychological point of view, the author puts forward three points: the importance of memorizing the meaning, the thinking in images and the interest in learning.From the point of view of pedagogy, it emphasizes the teaching of "students as the main body" from the view of knowledge and teaching of constructivism.From the angle of exegetics, it provides the reference for the understanding of word meaning by exploring the internal relation between exegesis and word meaning.Secondly, based on "Curriculum Standard", to find the practical basis of practical research, including: the understanding of word meaning is an important content in the teaching of ancient poetry and prose in primary schools, and it is the objective demand of the difference between ancient and modern classical Chinese.It can promote the achievement of the three-dimensional goal in the teaching of ancient poetry and prose.On the basis of theoretical research, the teaching principles are determined to be scientific, intuitive and subjective, and the teaching methods are the combination of teaching and reading, the direct demonstration and the relative comparison.The related teaching cases are designed for action research and teaching experiment. The results of teaching design are compared with those of teaching design one and two, and the experimental data are analyzed with SPSS software.Finally, the conclusion of the practical research: help to understand words and sentences, dredge meaning; help to chew culinary swimming, taste language; help to perceive image, taste artistic conception; help to inherit culture, rich inside information.Based on the teacher level, the author puts forward the corresponding teaching suggestions: first, to improve the subject literacy, including ancient Chinese knowledge and classical literature knowledge; second, to improve teaching skills, including text interpretation and the teaching of selected words.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.2

【参考文献】