中国儿童早期英语教育

发布时间：2018-05-10 13:47

本文选题：行为学 + 中国　；参考：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：儿童时期,语言交流能力的发展在大多数人来看是个天然的过程。然而语言学家与行为学家早在半个多世纪前就提出了人类语言习得过程的相关理论。虽然现今学界已普遍认同人类习得语言需要经过生理与环境的共同作用,然而这个互动过程的很多具体问题还是未知。在非入侵性的脑成像技术的帮助下,发展神经学方面的研究深入探索了人类婴儿和早期儿童的语言发展过程。随着我们对于大脑发展的认识越来越深入,中国的语言学习策略相关研究却停滞不前。此项研究的目的在于以多样的语言习得理论为依据,探查中国语言学习者的障碍以及影响学习者的经济因素。中国教育体系受很多语言习得理论的影响。受斯金纳和乔姆斯基理论的影响,19世纪80年代的教育专家将中国的英语学习要求降低至初级水平。这一决定对当今的英语教育仍造成了较大的影响。然而,皮亚杰却持相反态度,认为早期儿童语言习得就像一块白板,有着自己的普遍语法,他认为婴幼儿的学习经历是“由生物和环境带来的渐进的精神认知”。本文将遵循皮亚杰的认知发展学说来解释儿童早期教育。研究方法是探究中国以教育部项目设计为基础的教育政策、班级的课程实施和个人教学技巧。文章写作的目的包括：(1)找到中国高效英语教育的障碍,(2)回顾前人的语言习得的相关研究,(3)讨论儿童早期教育实施过程中的困难与挑战。文章将从政治、经济、文化的角度讨论影响中国语言学习政策制定的因素,研究这些政策实施过程中遇到的障碍,包括中国持续经济发展所带来的长期影响。对于中国人来说,对英语的熟练掌握越来越成为求职和获得更好发展机会的必需。提高英语教育的质量对于下一代中国人更好地融入工业、经济全球化有着重要影响。为了使中国经济保持持续增长,需要定义政治、经济和文化对中国的语言学习策略的影响,并找出阻碍学习策略有效实行的因素。认知神经科学和应用语言学的各项研究表明,决策者、家长和教育者需要在语言习得关键期(从出生到7岁)引导孩子学习英语以促使其正确熟练地掌握这门语言。此外,对人类大脑如何发展及语言习得过程的了解也能让教育者正确认识到儿童生理、心理、社交、认知方面处于怎样的发展水平,从而安排合适的教学方法和教学活动,在最大程度上促进儿童语言习得。虽然一些二语习得专家认为双语学习对儿童来说是不必要的负担,香港的语言学家却认为儿童在有条件的情况下可以同时习得几种语言。已有很多研究表明多种语言对于儿童的思维和逻辑能力、交流能力、自我认同等的发展是有利的。从神经学的角度来看,二语习得有利于促进儿童的大脑发育和交流、认知等能力的发展。这也进一步证明了皮亚杰关于儿童早期教育必须经由社会互动的理论是正确的。生命早期的语言接触将对儿童的语言习得产生极大的影响。同时,根据生物学的研究,儿童大脑的神经联系在7-10岁时会开始逐渐减弱。中国早期儿童教育经历了一个世纪的发展,在过去的二十年里取得了巨大的发展。现今的儿童早期教育在形式和内容上都很多样化,来适应愈发开放和多元的社会。此项研究就是要着眼于中国将来的教育体系以及对中外教师的训练。希望教育部对于小学英语的基本要求可以支持不同的教学方法,鼓励积极自由的无间断的英语学习,改善现有教育指导上的不足。我提倡MoE运动,希望能够给孩子一个有着明确的课程安排,更有针对性的重点教学以及以学生为中心的学习模式的更好的学习环境。这些将会为儿童的语言习得创造更好的政策、方法和课程。本土的教师在课堂中教师的作用应该被弱化,研究表明社会交流的缺失限制了儿童的语言习得。中国的早期儿童教育受到了中国传统与共产主义、西方文化混合所带来的影响。我们现在需要做的就是重新评价过去的几十年间发生的事情,并推广儿童早期教育改革和创新。
[Abstract]:In childhood, the development of language communication ability is a natural process for most people. However, linguists and behaviorists have proposed the related theory of the process of human language acquisition more than half a century ago. Many specific problems in the interaction process are still unknown. With the help of non invasive brain imaging technology, research on the development of Neurology has explored the language development process of human infants and early children. As we know more and more deeply about the development of the brain, the study of language learning strategies in China has stagnated. The purpose of the study is to explore the barriers to Chinese language learners and the economic factors that affect the learners on the basis of a variety of language acquisition theories. The Chinese education system is influenced by many language acquisition theories. Influenced by Skinner and Chomsky theory, education experts in 1880s reduced the English learning requirements of China. However, Piaget believes that early childhood language acquisition is like a whiteboard with its own universal grammar. He believes that the learning experience of infants is "progressive spiritual cognition brought by biology and environment". This article will follow this article. Piaget's cognitive development theory is used to explain early childhood education. The research method is to explore the education policy based on the project design of the Ministry of education, class implementation and personal teaching skills. The purpose of this article includes: (1) to find the obstacle to the efficient English education in China, (2) to review the related research on the language acquisition of the predecessors, (3) to discuss the difficulties and challenges in the implementation of early childhood education. The article will discuss the factors that affect the formulation of Chinese language learning policies from the political, economic and cultural perspectives, and study the obstacles encountered in the implementation of these policies, including the long-term impact of China's sustained economic development. For Chinese, the proficiency in English is proficient. Improving the quality of English education has an important impact on the better integration of the next generation of Chinese people into industry and economic globalization. In order to keep the Chinese economy sustained, it is necessary to define the influence of politics, economy and culture on the language learning strategies of China, and to find out the hindrance. Studies in cognitive neuroscience and applied linguistics have shown that decision makers, parents and educators need to guide children to learn English correctly in the critical period of language acquisition (from birth to age 7) in order to make them master the language correctly. In addition, how the human brain develops and language acquisition process. Understanding can also give educators a correct understanding of the physical, psychological, social and cognitive aspects of children's development, so as to arrange suitable teaching methods and teaching activities to promote children's language acquisition to the maximum extent. Although some two language acquisition experts believe that bilingual learning is an unnecessary burden to children, the language of Hongkong Many studies have shown that multiple languages are beneficial to the development of children's thinking and logic, communication, and self identification. From a neurological point of view, two language acquisition helps to promote the development and communication and cognition of the children. This further proves that Piaget's theory that early childhood education must be socially interactive is correct. Early language contact in the early life will have a great impact on children's language acquisition. At the same time, according to biological studies, the neural connections of the children's brains begin to weaken gradually at the age of 7-10. Children's education has undergone a century of development and has made great progress in the past twenty years. Today's early childhood education is diversified in form and content to adapt to a more open and pluralistic society. This study is to focus on the future education system in China and the training of Chinese and foreign teachers. The basic requirements for primary school English can support different teaching methods, encourage free and free English learning and improve the shortcomings of existing educational guidance. I advocate the MoE movement, hoping to give children a clear curriculum, more targeted and student centered learning patterns. Good learning environment. These will create better policies, methods and courses for children's language acquisition. Local teachers should be weakened in the classroom. Research shows that the lack of social communication limits children's language acquisition. China's early childhood education is mixed with Chinese tradition and communism and Western culture. What we need to do now is to reassess what happened in the past decades and to promote early childhood education reform and innovation.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.31

【共引文献】