策略训练对小学生估算能力的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 03:03

本文选题：策略训练 + 估算能力　；参考：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：估算是人们日常生活中常用的一种能力,估算能力的培养能够促进儿童对数量关系和空间几何的合理判断与推理,同时能进一步加深儿童对计算结果、测量结果的概括性以及整体性的认识和理解。在估算能力中,能否恰当地选择合适的估算策略是一个关键因素。因此,有关小学生估算策略选择的研究具有重要的研究意义。本实验研究在前人研究的基础上,根据Case和Sowder (1990)提出的儿童估算发展理论,Siegler(1996,1998,2002)先后提出的策略选择模型理论,Sowder和Wheeler (1989)提出了估算的内容理论以及Dowker (2002)提出的部分知识掌握区理论,同时借鉴Lemaire与siegler提出的关于儿童认知策略的一般概念框架,考察短期估算策略指导与训练对五年级儿童估算能力的影响,重点探讨对四种问题类型的估算成绩(正确性、反应时)及估算策略选择情况(策略个数、最佳估算击中率)的影响。本研究分为三部分,研究一通过前测实验,通过考察五年级儿童对不同估算问题类型的估算正确率、估算时间及估算策略选择情况,探讨五年级儿童的估算能力现状；研究二,通过考察有、无策略指导两种条件下五年级儿童估算策略的选择情况,探讨短期策略指导对学生估算策略选择情况是否有影响,能否能提高学生估算策略选择的多样性及最佳估算策略击中率；研究三通过考察短期策略指导对儿童估算正确性得分的影响,探讨短期策略指导能否提高儿童的估算能力。研究结果发现：(1)五年级儿童以具备了一定的估算能力。估算能力受计算形式和数字类型的影响,整体来说,整数估算能力好于小数估算能力,加减法估算能力优于乘除法估算能力；(2)儿童估算策略的选择受计算形式和数字类型的影响。儿童倾向于使用多种估算策略解决同一类型的估算问题,又以一种自适应的方式来选择估算策略。估算策略的选择具有多样性、发展性和适应性；(3)在所有的估算策略中,“凑整”和“截取”策略是最为基础的两种估算策略,同时也是学生最惯于使用的两种估算策略,但在一定程度上影响了学生估算策略选择多样性的发展；(4)估算策略的最佳策略击中率与估算的正确性成正相关性,即估算策略的最佳策略击中率越高,估算的正确率越高。(5)有无短期策略指导与训练两种条件下,儿童的估算策略选择个数和最佳策略击中率差异显著,短期策略指导与训练能够改善儿童的估算策略选择情况,进一步提高儿童的估算能力。
[Abstract]:Estimation is a kind of ability commonly used in people's daily life. The cultivation of estimating ability can promote children's rational judgment and reasoning on quantitative relationship and spatial geometry, and at the same time, it can further deepen children's calculation results. The generality of the measurement results, as well as the overall understanding and understanding. It is a key factor to choose the appropriate estimation strategy in the estimation ability. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the choice of estimation strategies for primary school students. On the basis of previous studies, according to the theory of children's estimation and development put forward by case and Sowder 1990), the theory of strategic choice model (Sowder and Wheeler / 1989) and the theory of partial knowledge acquisition area put forward by Dowker 2002) are put forward. Based on the general conceptual framework on children's cognitive strategies put forward by Lemaire and siegler, this paper investigates the influence of short-term estimation strategy guidance and training on the estimation ability of children in grade five, and discusses the estimation results of four types of problems (correctness). The effect of response time and estimation strategy selection (the number of strategies, the best estimated hit rate). This study is divided into three parts. First, through pre-test experiment, by investigating the estimation accuracy rate, estimation time and estimation strategy selection of the fifth grade children to different estimation problem types, the present situation of the fifth grade children's estimation ability is discussed. By investigating the selection of estimating strategies for the fifth grade children under the conditions of no or no strategy guidance, this paper discusses whether short-term strategy guidance has an impact on the students' estimation strategy selection. Whether it can improve the diversity of students' estimation strategy choice and the hit rate of the best estimation strategy; the third study explored whether short-term strategy guidance can improve children's estimation ability by investigating the influence of short-term strategy guidance on children's estimation accuracy score. The study found that the fifth grade children had a certain ability to estimate. The ability of integer estimation is better than that of fractional estimation, and the ability of addition and subtraction is better than that of multiplication and division. (2) the choice of children's estimation strategy is influenced by the calculation form and the number type. Children tend to use a variety of estimation strategies to solve the same type of estimation problem, and choose estimation strategies in an adaptive way. The selection of estimation strategies is diverse, developmental and adaptive. Among all the estimation strategies, "integration" and "interception" are the two most basic estimation strategies, and they are also the two estimation strategies most commonly used by students. However, to some extent, the development of the diversity of students' estimation strategies has a positive correlation between the hit rate of the best strategies and the correctness of the estimation strategies, that is, the higher the hit rate of the best strategies, the higher the hit rate of the best strategies. The higher the accuracy rate of estimation is, the more significant the difference is between the number of estimated strategies and the hit rate of the best strategies under the condition of short-term strategy guidance and training. Short-term strategy guidance and training can improve the estimation strategy selection of children. Further improve children's ability to estimate.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.5

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