马斯洛需要层次理论对儿童手风琴教学的启示

发布时间：2018-08-15 13:26

【摘要】：需要层次理论是美国著名的心理学家马斯洛(Abranham Hardold Maslow,1908-1970)在《人类动机的理论》一书中提出的,它包括生理需要、安全需要、爱的需要、尊重的需要和自我实现需要这五项内容。作为一种科学化兼系统化的理论——马斯洛需要层次理论,它较为深入地研究了人类的需求。同时,这一理论对广大思想教育工作者和教育研究者来说,有很多值得借鉴的地方。马斯洛需要层次理论是关于人的多方面需要与发展的理论,在儿童手风琴教学中注重运用马斯洛需要层次理论有着十分重要的意义。在前辈们的学术研究基础上,笔者发现:儿童如果感受到饥饿、或者感觉到不够安全、得不到社会、学校和家庭的爱以及缺乏自信心,那么进行创造性的学习对于他们来说是不可能的。同样,笔者也在一些后进儿童中得出一些结果:若是这些儿童能够得到尊重,永远和其他小朋友有着同等的机会一起享受学习带来的快乐,那么他们将会更加努力地去表现自己,并且树立学习的信心。作为即将毕业成为教育工作者的我们,应该学会尊重和爱护少年儿童,用我们的爱来感化他们。对他们的动作行为进行正确的引导,在生活中,能够向其讲授做人的道理,做他们生活上和学习上的好朋友。我相信,我们的努力应该能够慢慢地激发他们的学习动力。从马斯洛的这一理论出发,孩童时期的学生也有着不同的心理表现特征。比如,在学习手风琴这一门乐器时,他们有时会感觉到学琴的压力,有时候会担心学习环境的安全隐患。由此看来,儿童学习手风琴有着不一样的需求。因此,教师应当时刻关注儿童学琴时候的心理反应,适当地缓解儿童学习手风琴产生的心理压力。同时给与他们安全的学习环境,满足他们学习的安全需要。同样,教师可以变换手风琴的授课理念,采用不同的教学方法,尊重每一个儿童,让每个儿童都能学有所成。指导儿童成才成人,孩子们在学习过程中的表现欲望是很强烈的,因此,教师应满足儿童自我实现的需求,并努力实现儿童学习中不同需要的有机统一。如果教师能够做到这样,将更有利于我国手风琴教育事业的开展,同时也能更好地让儿童掌握手风琴的演奏技巧和感受学习手风琴所带来的快乐。本文将从马斯洛需要层次理论概述、马斯洛需要层次理论视角下儿童手风琴学习的需要及教学现状以及马斯洛需要层次理论视角下儿童手风琴教学的方法探究这三个方面进行阐述,力图从马斯洛需要层次理论这一理论中来追寻更适合儿童手风琴教学的方法。
[Abstract]:The theory of hierarchy of needs is put forward by (Abranham Hardold Maslown, a famous American psychologist, in the Theory of Human motivation. It includes five contents: physiological needs, security needs, love needs, respect needs and self-actualization needs. As a scientific and systematic theory, Maslow needs hierarchy theory, which deeply studies human needs. At the same time, this theory for the vast number of ideological educators and educational researchers, there are many worthy of reference. Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs is a theory of human needs and development in many aspects. It is of great significance to apply Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs in the teaching of children's accordions. On the basis of previous academic research, I found that children who feel hungry, or feel insecure, do not have the love of society, school and family, and lack self-confidence, Then it is impossible for them to study creatively. In the same way, the author also got some results among some backward children: if these children can be respected, they will always have the same opportunities as other children to enjoy the joy of learning together. Then they will work harder to express themselves and build confidence in learning. As an educator, we should learn to respect and love children and use our love to influence them. In life, they can teach them the truth of life and be good friends in their life and study. I believe that our efforts should be able to slowly stimulate their motivation to learn. According to Maslow's theory, children also have different psychological characteristics. For example, when they learn an accordion, they sometimes feel the pressure to learn it, and sometimes they worry about the safety of their learning environment. From this point of view, children have a different need to learn accordion. Therefore, teachers should always pay attention to the psychological reaction of children when learning organ, and properly relieve the psychological pressure caused by children learning accordion. At the same time, give them a safe learning environment to meet their learning security needs. Similarly, teachers can change the accordion teaching philosophy, adopt different teaching methods, respect every child, so that every child can learn well. To guide children to become adults, children's desire to express in the process of learning is very strong. Therefore, teachers should meet the needs of children's self-realization and strive to achieve the organic unity of children's different needs in learning. If teachers can do this, it will be more conducive to the development of accordion education in China, but also better for children to master accordion playing skills and feel the joy of learning accordion. This article will summarize Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, The need and teaching status of accordion learning in children from the perspective of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and the exploration of the teaching methods of children's accordions from the perspective of Maslow's need hierarchy theory are expounded. From Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs, the author tries to find a more suitable method for the teaching of accordion for children.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.71

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