成都市主城区小学大课间体育活动特色的研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 16:57

【摘要】：随着改革开放,人类科技日新月异,社会不断向前发展,人们的生活水平也越来越高,小学生在享受良好物质条件的同时,也面临着体质下降,视力降低、肥胖率增高等不利于学生健康成长的现实状况。这些年,中国青少年体质状况越发下降令人担忧,一份来自教育部的有关报告显示,中国青少年的耐力素质十几年间越来越差,速度、力量、灵敏和柔韧能力也在逐步下降,偏胖超重的学生人数逐年增加[1]。近年来征兵,因体质不合格而被淘汰的人数逐年增加,体重普遍超标,视力越来越差,甚至一些多发于中老年人的颈椎病、腰椎间盘突出症、骨质疏松等也越发年轻化。这样严峻的现状让我们不得不重视我国青少年的体质健康问题。身体锻炼是青少年儿童健康成长的重要组成部分,重视党中央、国务院的指令,贯彻全国体育会议精神,推进“阳光体育运动”,确保中小学生每天锻炼1小时,树立“健康第一”的指导思想。大课间体育活动,是实施教育改革的重要手段,1999年由国家教育部指导在全国各地展开实施。现在,大课间体育活动时间更长,内容更为丰富多彩,组织形式也更加灵活[2];不但可以调节上课时紧绷的神经,提高学习效率,还能增强体质陶冶身心;还能拉近师生距离,增进师生感情,促进形成优良的校风校貌,同时造就学生自我锻炼能力和良好的社会适应能力。本文运用了文献资料法、录像分析法、专家访谈法以及逻辑分析等研究方法,根据成都市主城区各小学所在不同地域和活动特色,选择了在2014年成都市中小学大课间体育活动(小学组)中获得一等奖、二等奖的共30所小学作为重点研究对象开展研究。研究结果表明:第一,成都市主城区小学大课间体育活动目前的开展初具特色:(1)在活动内容方面具有多样化、辐射化以及专一化三种风格;(2)在活动形式上,分为以班级为集体开展活动、以年级为集体开展活动、以活动内容相同的为集体开展活动;(3)通过变化活动形式利用场地,通过拓展其它空间利用场地(4)活动评价工作主要有多视角评价、常规性评价以及激励性评价三种方式;第二,成都市主城区小学大课间体育活动的优点:(1)参与态度积极;(2)大部分学校能保证活动时间;(3)不同学校选择不同的内容发展特色;(4)在组织形式上有突破;(5)成都市主城区小学大课间体育活动监督评价已成雏形。第三,成都市主城区小学大课间体育活动仍存在一些问题:(1)少数学校强制缩短活动时间;(2)活动内容枯燥,乏味;(3)活动场地不足;(4)活动的监督评价系统未形成体系。并在此基础上提出了成都市主城区小学大课间体育活动特色发展的建议:(1)重视发展有特色的小学大课间体育活动;(2)创编新的活动内容;(3)采用新型、灵活的活动形式;(4)不断改善建立有效的监督管理体系,落实评价。
[Abstract]:With the reform and opening up, human science and technology are changing with each passing day, society continues to develop, people's living standards are also getting higher and higher. While the pupils are enjoying good material conditions, they are also faced with the decline of their physique and eyesight. The increase in obesity rate is not conducive to the healthy growth of students. In recent years, the physical condition of Chinese teenagers has become more and more worrisome. A relevant report from the Ministry of Education shows that the endurance quality of Chinese teenagers has been getting worse and worse for more than a decade. The speed, strength, agility and flexibility of Chinese teenagers are also gradually declining. The number of overweight students is increasing year by year. In recent years, the number of soldiers who have been eliminated because of unqualified constitution has increased year by year, the body weight is generally over standard, the vision is getting worse and worse, even some cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, osteoporosis and so on, which are more and more common in the middle and old people, are also getting younger and younger. Such a grim situation, we have to pay attention to the physical health of young people in our country. Physical exercise is an important part of the healthy growth of teenagers and children. Pay attention to the instructions of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, implement the spirit of the National Sports Conference, promote "sunshine sports," and ensure that primary and secondary school students exercise for one hour a day. Set up the guiding ideology of "health first". Physical activity between classes is an important means to carry out educational reform, which was carried out in 1999 under the guidance of the Ministry of Education. Nowadays, sports activities in large classes are longer, more colorful, and more flexible in organizational form. Not only can they regulate the tense nerves in class and improve their learning efficiency, but they can also strengthen their physique and cultivate their bodies and minds, and they can also close the distance between teachers and students. Promote teachers and students feelings, promote the formation of a good school style school appearance, at the same time bring up students self-exercise ability and good social adaptability. This paper uses the methods of literature, video analysis, expert interview and logic analysis, according to the different regions and activity characteristics of primary schools in the main urban area of Chengdu. In 2014, 30 primary schools in Chengdu were selected to win the first prize and the second prize in the physical education activities between primary and middle schools (primary school group) as the key research objects. The results show that: first, the main urban area of Chengdu primary school sports activities at the beginning of the development of the characteristics: (1) in the content of the activities with diversification, radiation and specialization of three styles; (2) in the form of activities, Activities are divided into classes as a group, grade as a group, and activities with the same content as a group; (III) the use of venues through a variety of activities, Through the expansion of other space use sites (4) the activities of the evaluation work are mainly multi-perspective evaluation, conventional evaluation and incentive evaluation of three ways; second, The advantages of physical activities in primary schools in Chengdu are as follows: (1) positive attitude towards participation; (2) most schools can guarantee the time of activities; (3) different schools choose different characteristics of content development; (4) there is a breakthrough in the form of organization; (5) the main city of Chengdu has a breakthrough. District primary school between classes sports activities supervision and evaluation has become an embryonic form. Third, there are still some problems in the physical activities of primary schools in Chengdu: (1) a few schools force to shorten the time of activities; (2) the content of activities is boring and boring; (3) the activity space is insufficient; (4) the system of monitoring and evaluation of activities is not formed. On the basis of this, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the development of sports activities in the main urban areas of Chengdu: (1) attaching importance to the development of special sports activities in primary schools; (2) creating new contents of activities; (3) adopting new types of sports activities. Flexible form of activities; (4) continuous improvement of the establishment of an effective supervision and management system, implementation of evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G623.8

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