身体素养视角下对小学生身体活动现状及体育行为习惯养成的研究
发布时间：2018-09-13 07:14
【摘要】：目前,我国居民体质总体水平呈增长趋势,然而整体上身体活动水平仍然相对落后。身体活动不仅影响国民体质水平,身体活动的缺乏,还可能对社会、经济、公共健康等各方面产生不利影响。提高国民身体活动水平,关键在于青少年身体活动的发展,关注人的发展初期的身体活动的习惯,有利于打破国民身体活动缺乏的状况。根据相关研究,在儿童的成长阶段中,身体活动习惯养成的关键期在9—10岁(即小学三年级),此时是养成积极科学的体育行为的最佳时期。在这一阶段儿童的可塑性极强,是养成习惯的最佳时期,并能够将养成的习惯延续成终身参与的体育习惯。为了考查在体育行为习惯发展的关键期,儿童身体活动的发展是否有利于形成终身体育参与,本文以身体素养的角度,对三年级小学生的身体活动情况进行调查,了解目前三年级小学生具备身体素养的情况,并以此判断其实现终身参与身体活动的可能性。主要从以下三个维度进行调查:情感体验,包括兴趣、动机、自信、价值判断和责任等;对运动能力的掌握,即掌握能够应用于不同运动情景中的运动技能;对身体活动的认知,即对运动知识的掌握与理解等。通过个案法、文献资料法、观察法、问卷调查法、访谈法等研究方法,以回龙观中心第一实验小学三年级两个班,68人为调查对象。通过深入调查研究,对68名三年级学生在校内身体活动的观察,对学生和家长进行问卷调查以及对老师的访谈,了解三年级小学生在身体活动的情感体验、运动技能的学习与掌握、运动知识的认知与了解的情况,并通过总结得到以下结论:结论一:身体素养是一种综合能力,缺乏任何一项要素都不能促使学生养成参与身体活动的习惯。结论二:情感要素是养成身体活动习惯的内在因素,培养学生参与身体活动的兴趣有利于促进积极的身体活动参与。结论三:提高学生对身体活动的认知和理解,是进行健康积极的身体活动的前提,正确的认知有利于纠正错误观念、避免产生偏见。结论四:掌握正确的运动技能是参与多样化运动的必要条件,学校与家庭的教育形式和手段影响了学生对基本技能的掌握水平。针对结论中的问题,以情感体验、运动能力和运动知识的认知三个维度,从学生、学校、老师和家长的角度提出相应的解决策略。
[Abstract]:At present, the overall level of physical fitness of Chinese residents is increasing, but the overall level of physical activity is still relatively backward. Physical activities not only affect the national physical level, the lack of physical activity, but also may have a negative impact on social, economic, public health and other aspects. To improve the level of national physical activity, the key lies in the development of teenagers' physical activities. Paying attention to the habits of physical activities in the early stages of human development is conducive to breaking the lack of national physical activities. According to relevant studies, the key period of physical activity habit formation in children's growth stage is 9-10 years old (that is, the third grade of primary school), which is the best time to develop positive and scientific sports behavior. At this stage, children's plasticity is very strong, is the best time to form habits, and can continue to develop habits into lifelong participation in sports habits. In order to investigate whether the development of children's physical activity is conducive to the formation of lifelong sports participation in the critical period of the development of sports behavior habits, this paper investigates the physical activities of the third grade pupils from the perspective of physical literacy. To understand the current situation of the third grade pupils with physical literacy, and to judge the possibility of their lifelong participation in physical activities. The investigation is mainly conducted from the following three dimensions: emotional experience, including interest, motivation, self-confidence, value judgment and responsibility, mastery of sports ability, that is, mastering motor skills that can be applied to different sports situations; The cognition of physical activity, that is, the mastering and understanding of sports knowledge, etc. Through the methods of case, literature, observation, questionnaire, interview and so on, 68 students from two classes in the third grade of the first experimental primary school of Huilong observation Center were investigated. Through in-depth investigation and research, 68 third-grade students were observed on physical activities in school, questionnaires were conducted on students and parents, and teachers were interviewed to understand the emotional experience of third-grade pupils in physical activities. The learning and mastering of motor skills, the cognition and understanding of sports knowledge, and by summarizing the following conclusions: first, physical accomplishment is a kind of comprehensive ability, The lack of a single element does not encourage students to form the habit of participating in physical activity. Conclusion: affective factor is the intrinsic factor of forming the habit of physical activity. Cultivating students' interest in participating in physical activity is helpful to promote active physical activity. Conclusion: to improve students' cognition and understanding of physical activity is the premise of healthy and active physical activity. Correct cognition is helpful to correct misconceptions and avoid prejudice. Conclusion: mastering correct motor skills is a necessary condition for participating in diversified sports. The forms and means of education in schools and families affect students' mastery of basic skills. In view of the problems in the conclusion, the corresponding strategies are put forward from the perspectives of students, schools, teachers and parents from the three dimensions of emotional experience, sports ability and cognition of sports knowledge.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.8
本文编号：2240445
[Abstract]:At present, the overall level of physical fitness of Chinese residents is increasing, but the overall level of physical activity is still relatively backward. Physical activities not only affect the national physical level, the lack of physical activity, but also may have a negative impact on social, economic, public health and other aspects. To improve the level of national physical activity, the key lies in the development of teenagers' physical activities. Paying attention to the habits of physical activities in the early stages of human development is conducive to breaking the lack of national physical activities. According to relevant studies, the key period of physical activity habit formation in children's growth stage is 9-10 years old (that is, the third grade of primary school), which is the best time to develop positive and scientific sports behavior. At this stage, children's plasticity is very strong, is the best time to form habits, and can continue to develop habits into lifelong participation in sports habits. In order to investigate whether the development of children's physical activity is conducive to the formation of lifelong sports participation in the critical period of the development of sports behavior habits, this paper investigates the physical activities of the third grade pupils from the perspective of physical literacy. To understand the current situation of the third grade pupils with physical literacy, and to judge the possibility of their lifelong participation in physical activities. The investigation is mainly conducted from the following three dimensions: emotional experience, including interest, motivation, self-confidence, value judgment and responsibility, mastery of sports ability, that is, mastering motor skills that can be applied to different sports situations; The cognition of physical activity, that is, the mastering and understanding of sports knowledge, etc. Through the methods of case, literature, observation, questionnaire, interview and so on, 68 students from two classes in the third grade of the first experimental primary school of Huilong observation Center were investigated. Through in-depth investigation and research, 68 third-grade students were observed on physical activities in school, questionnaires were conducted on students and parents, and teachers were interviewed to understand the emotional experience of third-grade pupils in physical activities. The learning and mastering of motor skills, the cognition and understanding of sports knowledge, and by summarizing the following conclusions: first, physical accomplishment is a kind of comprehensive ability, The lack of a single element does not encourage students to form the habit of participating in physical activity. Conclusion: affective factor is the intrinsic factor of forming the habit of physical activity. Cultivating students' interest in participating in physical activity is helpful to promote active physical activity. Conclusion: to improve students' cognition and understanding of physical activity is the premise of healthy and active physical activity. Correct cognition is helpful to correct misconceptions and avoid prejudice. Conclusion: mastering correct motor skills is a necessary condition for participating in diversified sports. The forms and means of education in schools and families affect students' mastery of basic skills. In view of the problems in the conclusion, the corresponding strategies are put forward from the perspectives of students, schools, teachers and parents from the three dimensions of emotional experience, sports ability and cognition of sports knowledge.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.8
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