民国时期小学作文教学研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 13:17

【摘要】：作文是语文课程与教学的重要构成,也是个体语文素养的真实体现。每个时代,人们为了有效的表达都付出了大量劳动。当下小学作文教学主要有三大突出问题,一是作文教学中儿童立场的缺失。作文教学中忽视了对儿童这一学习主体的观照,本为作文灵魂的儿童生命体验没有得到应有的尊重和表达。二是当前作文教学缺乏明确的课程规约,训练的序列性缺失。课程标准中作文教学没有明确的具体要求,导致作文教学各自为阵,从属于阅读教学。作文能力本应是阶梯式递进,训练与指导应循“序”渐进,而当前的作文教学大多是作为阅读的补充而随意展开。三是教师和学生都惧怕作文。学生存有惧怕作文的心理,在“苦痛”的训练中难有实质性提升。老师则沿袭旧有教学思维,以“公共思维”、“成人思维”等主导教学,致使学生成为说着群体性语言、用统一眼光打量世界的群体,充斥着“成人腔”、“假话秀”等非个性的表达。新的时代,呼唤作文教学的突破与创新。当前作文教学研究,其中一个不足是对先辈的探索缺乏深入、系统的梳理。正是基于此,本研究力图通过重温民国小学国语课堂中作文教学的图景,希望在熟悉、体认先辈经验与智慧的同时,为当下的课程变革,尤其是小学语文教学变革提供新的材料和路径参考。本研究主要通过梳理、解读民国小学作文教学的文献资料,重温那一段远去的时光,拂去集落在文献上的尘埃,运用逻辑分析的方法,深入了解民国小学作文教学,探析民国小学作文教学在内容、方法、主题及理念方面的宝贵遗存,在先辈的思想与足迹中,准确、真实地“触碰”民国小学作文教学律动的脉搏,破解作文教学的深层问题。通过探究,关于民国作文教学我们得到如下结论与启示:首先,民国小学作文教学始终秉承着以儿童为中心,彰显语文教育的人学关怀。作文课堂与儿童生活相联络,引导儿童用语词发现世界,用身体的感官与大自然相连接。其次,民国倡导序列化作文教学,有序列、有章法、有标准的推进作文教学,有层级的设定不同学年儿童作文学习的目标。第三,作文教学要复萌教师的童心,唤醒儿童沉睡的潜能。民国小学作文教学全程贯穿着儿童立场,应允儿童多样化的言说,教师复萌童心,以一颗童心培育培育另一颗童心。最后,民国作文教学研究汇聚了一批大师,积累了丰富的课程与教学资源,也初步构建了国语课程的合理架构,我们今天的语文课程变革应该“接说着”。
[Abstract]:Composition is an important component of Chinese curriculum and teaching, and a true embodiment of individual Chinese literacy. In every era, people pay a great deal of work for effective expression. There are three main problems in composition teaching in primary school, one is the lack of children's position in composition teaching. The children's life experience, which is the soul of composition, has not been respected and expressed in composition teaching. The second is the lack of clear curriculum rules and the lack of sequence of training in current composition teaching. There is no specific requirement for composition teaching in curriculum standard, which leads to composition teaching being subordinate to reading teaching. Composition ability should be a step by step, training and guidance should follow the "order" gradual, and the current composition teaching is mostly as a complement to reading and random development. Third, teachers and students are afraid of writing. Students have fear of composition psychology, in the "pain" training, there is no substantial improvement. Teachers follow the old teaching thinking, leading the teaching by "public thinking" and "adult thinking", so that students become a group of people who speak group language, look at the world with a unified vision, and are filled with "adult voices." "lie show" and other non-personality expression. The new era calls for the breakthrough and innovation of composition teaching. At present, one of the shortcomings in the research of composition teaching is the lack of thorough and systematic research on the predecessors. Based on this, this study tries to relive the picture of composition teaching in the primary school of the Republic of China, hoping that while we are familiar with and aware of the experience and wisdom of our predecessors, we will change our curriculum at the same time. Especially the primary school Chinese teaching reform provides new materials and path reference. This research mainly through combing, reading the literature of the Republic of China elementary school composition teaching, reviewing that period of time, brushing away the dust that set on the literature, using the method of logic analysis, deeply understanding the composition teaching of the Republic of China elementary school. This paper probes into the precious remains of composition teaching in the Republic of China elementary school in terms of content, method, theme and idea, and in the thoughts and footprints of the forefathers, accurately and truly "touches" the pulse of the rhythm of composition teaching in the elementary school of the Republic of China, thus solving the deep problems in composition teaching. Through the exploration, we get the following conclusions and enlightenment about the composition teaching of the Republic of China: first, the composition teaching of the elementary school of the Republic of China has always been adhering to the child-centered, showing the concern of human learning in Chinese education. The composition classroom connects with children's life, guides children's words to discover the world, and connects the body's senses with nature. Secondly, the Republic of China advocates serialization of composition teaching, there are sequences, there are rules, there are standards to promote composition teaching, there are levels of setting the goals of children's composition learning in different school years. Thirdly, composition teaching should restore the childish heart of teachers and awaken the sleeping potential of children. The composition teaching of elementary school in Republic of China runs through the children's standpoint all the time, and allows the children's diverse speech that the teacher reappears the child's heart and cultivates another child's heart with one child's heart. Finally, the study of composition teaching in the Republic of China has gathered a group of masters, accumulated rich curriculum and teaching resources, and preliminarily constructed a reasonable structure of the Mandarin curriculum.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.24

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