小学生“好人观”的质性研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 11:33

【摘要】：道德一直是教育界历久弥新的重要议题。小学阶段的德育具有“打地基”的作用,对人的道德发展具有重要意义。研究小学生的道德发展现状与特点,是进行德育的前提。已有研究多从成人视角来探究这一问题,而缺乏从儿童本位进行理解。同时,已有研究也多采用问卷、量表、访谈等有一定预设性的研究方法探究儿童道德,不利于小学生思维的发散与扩展,使我们不得深入地了解小学生对于“好人”、“道德”的体认。因此,本研究运用画图分析法,以“好人观”为主题,探究小学生的道德发展现状与特点,为小学生德育改革提供新思路。研究以J省N市的三所小学共100名小学生为研究对象,运用画图分析法结合焦点团体访谈收集资料,对小学生的“好人观”进行深入描绘。通过对小学生“好人”主题画作进行内容分析,探寻小学生“好人观”的结构、特点、成因及教育学意义。最后,以“好人观”这一来源于小学生自身的“本土化”概念,结合小学生心理发展特点,探究小学德育课程的努力方向。研究发现,小学生的“好人观”主要包括外在形象特征与内在道德品质两个方面的内容。在外在形象特征维度,小学生较注重微笑与外貌这两个方面;在内在道德品质维度,小学生主要从人与自我、人与自然、人与社会这三个维度进行观照,他们认为好人需具备23种道德品质,而在不同性别、不同年龄阶段的小学生眼中,这些道德品质的重要程度又有所不同。同时,小学生的“好人观”也表现出偏爱同性、偏爱同龄人、偏爱特定职业、情境性、可塑性等几大特点,其形成受到小学生生活经历、年龄发展特征、想象等源于个体自身的因素、家长的“言传身教”、教师德育信念、同侪文化及新媒体的传播内容的合力影响。根据研究结果,我们建议:学校应该在德育过程中聆听孩子的声音,尊重其道德智慧,重视其“好人观”;同时,德育课程的研制应该基于小学生的“好人观”,以更好地促进学生道德观的建构或重建。
[Abstract]:Morality has always been an important topic in the educational circle. The moral education in primary school has the function of "laying the foundation", which is of great significance to the moral development of human beings. It is the premise of moral education to study the present situation and characteristics of primary school students' moral development. Many studies have explored this issue from the adult perspective, but lack of understanding from the child-based perspective. At the same time, many studies have used questionnaires, scales, interviews and other preset research methods to explore children's morality, which is not conducive to the divergence and expansion of pupils' thinking, so that we can not deeply understand the pupils'"good people". The recognition of "morality" Therefore, this study uses drawing analysis method, taking "good person view" as the theme, explores the present situation and characteristics of the moral development of primary school students, and provides a new way of thinking for the reform of moral education of primary school students. In this study, 100 primary school students in three primary schools in N city of J province were taken as the research objects. Drawing analysis method combined with focus group interview was used to collect the data, and the "good person view" of the pupils was described in depth. Through the content analysis of the theme painting of "good people", this paper probes into the structure, characteristics, causes and pedagogical significance of pupils'"good people's view". Finally, with the concept of "good people" which comes from pupils' own "localization" and combining the characteristics of pupils' psychological development, this paper probes into the direction of the primary school moral education curriculum. The study found that the concept of "good people" mainly includes external image characteristics and internal moral qualities. In the dimension of external image characteristics, primary school students pay more attention to smile and appearance. In the dimension of internal moral quality, primary school students are mainly viewed from three dimensions: man and self, man and nature, man and society. They believe that good people need to have 23 moral qualities, which are of varying importance to pupils of different genders and ages. At the same time, elementary school students' view of good people also shows a preference for the same sex, the same age, the particular occupation, the situation, the plasticity and so on, which is formed by the characteristics of the pupils' life experience and age development. Imagination originates from the factors of the individual, the influence of parents'"teaching by words and deeds", the belief of teachers' moral education, peer culture and the communication content of new media. According to the results of the study, we suggest that schools should listen to children's voices, respect their moral wisdom, and attach importance to their "good people" view in the process of moral education, and at the same time, the development of moral education curriculum should be based on the "good people's view" of elementary school students. In order to better promote the construction or reconstruction of students' morality.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G621

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