北京市小学“课后一小时活动”政策实施现状个案研究
发布时间：2018-10-30 06:24
【摘要】：随着我国经济发展,时代变迁,传统家庭模式解体,双职工家庭的比例上升,而国家推行的减负政策致使学龄儿童在校时间缩短,学生放学后的真空期成为了大部分家长难题。由于目前公共教育体制僵化,导致无法适应现代社会发展需要。政府为了解决这项重大的民生问题,教育部开始在全国部分地区试点,推行学校课后托管政策,此项政策是目前解决学龄儿童家长三点半接孩子难的重要探索。北京市政府自2014年起推行《义务教育阶段推行中小学生课外活动计划》政策,简称"课后一小时活动"。北京市小学"课后一小时活动"不仅为了提高学生的综合素质,满足学生的全面发展和个性化发展,而且以活动作为切入点,解决了孩子放学后托管问题。本研究通过对现有的文献资料进行梳理,在政策文本分析的基础上,并且对朝阳区P小学进行实地调研,了解该校实施"课后一小时活动"政策的具体情况,得到第一手调查资料。结果显示:"课后一小时活动""非常受学生家长的欢迎,学生参与度在80%以上;校方非常重视课外活动,学校教师对于课外活动服务意愿程度各有不同,总体达到预期的效果,为进一步推行"课后一小时活动"起到了促进作用。但在实施过程中,也存在因场地受限、经费不足、教师紧缺而被迫取消一些活动的现实问题。笔者认为,政府需要采取适当措施促进"课后一小时活动"开展,对公立学校体制内的僵化制度进行松绑,实行弹性离校;拓宽实施主体范围,建立学校、社区、公共服务机构多元托管模式;完善课外活动的配套政策。同时构建高效多元化的教师队伍,加强高校和家校合作,增加教师编制;发挥教育合力,统筹教育资源等。此外政府还需加大专项经费支持力度,严格执行专款专项制度,通过企业赞助以及学校实行差额付费等措施弥补资金不足的问题,切实解决学校"课后一小时活动"实施过程中存在的现实问题,从而促使此项政策有效达成。目前我国公立学校课后托管政策还处于起步探索阶段,尚未成型,在借鉴发达国家的成功经验同时,关键要结合我国基础教育的具体情况,尤其是城乡教育差异大等原因进行规划,政府需要建立一套完整、科学、系统的政策,为课后托管在全国范围内实施提供保障。
[Abstract]:With the development of our country's economy, the change of times, the disintegration of traditional family mode, and the increase of the proportion of dual-worker families, the school time of school-age children is shortened because of the national policy of reducing the burden, and the vacuum period of students after school has become a difficult problem for most parents. As the current public education system is rigid, it can not adapt to the needs of modern social development. In order to solve this major livelihood problem, the Ministry of Education has begun to pilot the school after-school trusteeship policy in some parts of the country. This policy is an important exploration to solve the problem for parents of school-age children to pick up their children at 03:30. Since 2014, the Beijing Municipal Government has implemented the "Primary and Secondary School students' extracurricular activities Program", which is called "one hour of after-school activities". The "one hour activity after class" in Beijing elementary school not only aims to improve the students' comprehensive quality and satisfy the students' all-round development and individualized development, but also takes the activity as the starting point to solve the problem of children's custody after school. Based on the analysis of the policy text and the field investigation of Chaoyang Primary School P, this study finds out the concrete situation of implementing the policy of "one hour activity after class" in this school. Get first-hand information about the investigation. The results show that "one hour after class" is very popular with parents, and the participation of students is over 80%. The school attaches great importance to extracurricular activities, the school teachers have different willingness to serve extracurricular activities, and generally achieve the expected results, for the further implementation of "one hour after class activities" played a role in promoting. However, in the process of implementation, there are also some practical problems, such as limited space, insufficient funds and shortage of teachers, so they are forced to cancel some activities. The author believes that the government needs to take appropriate measures to promote the "one hour after class activities", the rigid system in the public school system to relax, and flexible school leaving; Broaden the scope of the main implementation, establish schools, communities, public service institutions multi-trusteeship model, improve the policy of extra-curricular activities. At the same time, we should build a high efficiency and diversity of teachers, strengthen the cooperation between colleges and universities, increase the establishment of teachers, bring into play the educational resultant force and coordinate the educational resources. In addition, the government also needs to increase its support for special funds, strictly implement the special fund system, and make up for the lack of funds through such measures as corporate sponsorship and the implementation of balance payments by schools. The practical problems existing in the implementation of "one hour after class activities" should be solved in order to promote the effective implementation of this policy. At present, the after-school trusteeship policy of public schools in our country is still in the initial stage of exploration and has not yet taken shape. At the same time, it is crucial to combine the specific situation of basic education in our country with the successful experience of developed countries. Especially for the reasons of the great difference between urban and rural education, the government needs to establish a set of complete, scientific and systematic policies to guarantee the implementation of after-school trusteeship throughout the country.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G629.2
本文编号：2299173
[Abstract]:With the development of our country's economy, the change of times, the disintegration of traditional family mode, and the increase of the proportion of dual-worker families, the school time of school-age children is shortened because of the national policy of reducing the burden, and the vacuum period of students after school has become a difficult problem for most parents. As the current public education system is rigid, it can not adapt to the needs of modern social development. In order to solve this major livelihood problem, the Ministry of Education has begun to pilot the school after-school trusteeship policy in some parts of the country. This policy is an important exploration to solve the problem for parents of school-age children to pick up their children at 03:30. Since 2014, the Beijing Municipal Government has implemented the "Primary and Secondary School students' extracurricular activities Program", which is called "one hour of after-school activities". The "one hour activity after class" in Beijing elementary school not only aims to improve the students' comprehensive quality and satisfy the students' all-round development and individualized development, but also takes the activity as the starting point to solve the problem of children's custody after school. Based on the analysis of the policy text and the field investigation of Chaoyang Primary School P, this study finds out the concrete situation of implementing the policy of "one hour activity after class" in this school. Get first-hand information about the investigation. The results show that "one hour after class" is very popular with parents, and the participation of students is over 80%. The school attaches great importance to extracurricular activities, the school teachers have different willingness to serve extracurricular activities, and generally achieve the expected results, for the further implementation of "one hour after class activities" played a role in promoting. However, in the process of implementation, there are also some practical problems, such as limited space, insufficient funds and shortage of teachers, so they are forced to cancel some activities. The author believes that the government needs to take appropriate measures to promote the "one hour after class activities", the rigid system in the public school system to relax, and flexible school leaving; Broaden the scope of the main implementation, establish schools, communities, public service institutions multi-trusteeship model, improve the policy of extra-curricular activities. At the same time, we should build a high efficiency and diversity of teachers, strengthen the cooperation between colleges and universities, increase the establishment of teachers, bring into play the educational resultant force and coordinate the educational resources. In addition, the government also needs to increase its support for special funds, strictly implement the special fund system, and make up for the lack of funds through such measures as corporate sponsorship and the implementation of balance payments by schools. The practical problems existing in the implementation of "one hour after class activities" should be solved in order to promote the effective implementation of this policy. At present, the after-school trusteeship policy of public schools in our country is still in the initial stage of exploration and has not yet taken shape. At the same time, it is crucial to combine the specific situation of basic education in our country with the successful experience of developed countries. Especially for the reasons of the great difference between urban and rural education, the government needs to establish a set of complete, scientific and systematic policies to guarantee the implementation of after-school trusteeship throughout the country.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G629.2
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