人教版小学语文教材生词统计与对比分析

发布时间：2018-11-07 07:00

【摘要】：语文教材是语文课程的重要教学资源,人教版小学语文教材作为我国语文课程的权威教材之一,其使用范围最为广泛。虽然针对该套教材的研究成果很多,但是在定量研究上,尤其是在教材生词系统的定量研究与量化比较上仍有很大的空间。本文从语言学和统计学角度出发,针对现有研究的不足,对人教版小学教材生词系统进行了考察,对其与社会常用词表的关系进行了分析,希望能为教材编写和词汇教学提供语言学上的数据和理论支撑。本文除绪论和结语外,共分为五个部分。第一部分对教材生词统计的具体实施过程做了说明,包括对生词提取与文本分词、复现率统计、频次与频次段统计等三个重要步骤作了解释。第二部分对教材生词系统进行描述性分析,考察了词语类型与年级、词语复现率与年级、词语频次与词种数、词语类型与频次等之间的关系。第三部分对教材生词系统与社会词表之间的异同进行对比性分析,包括与《现代汉语频率词典》“常用词表”、《汉语水平词语与汉字大纲》“常用词表”、《现代汉语常用词表》、《2013年媒体高频词语表》之间的对比分析。第四部分本文结合儿童言语发展理论,发现教材生词系统在词语总体分布、各音节词语组成、生词系统更新上存在一定问题,并针对此提出相应意见。第五部分对教材词汇教学提出一些个人建议。在人教版小学语文教材不能做改动的情况下,教师可以从教材内容、教学重点、教学方法等三方面针对教材生词系统的不足做出适当调整。本文在研究教材生词系统过程中,通过描述性和对比性分析发现了如下现象：第一,教材生词系统并不完全符合皮亚杰的儿童认知发展阶段理论,具体表现为与言语能力呈波浪螺旋上升型发展规律和语言发展关键期规律不太吻合；第二,教材生词系统中高频双音节词较少；第三,教材生词系统中的一般词汇更新较慢,与2013年社会媒体常用词存在差异。根据以上现象,本文认为教材应该从宏观角度科学系统地统筹规划教材生词系统,教师应该从微观角度适当合理地补充调整现有教材生词系统,双方相互配合能更有利于学生对教材生词的学习。
[Abstract]:Chinese teaching material is an important teaching resource of Chinese course. As one of the authoritative teaching materials of Chinese course in our country, the Chinese teaching material of primary school is widely used. Although there are a lot of research achievements in this set of textbooks, there is still a lot of room for quantitative research, especially in the quantitative study and quantitative comparison of the teaching materials' new words system. From the perspective of linguistics and statistics, this paper investigates the system of new words in primary school textbooks, and analyzes the relationship between the new words and the list of social common words. It hopes to provide linguistic data and theoretical support for textbook compilation and vocabulary teaching. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into five parts. The first part explains the concrete implementation process of the statistics of new words in teaching materials, including the three important steps of extracting new words and text segmentation, statistics of repetition rate, statistics of frequency and frequency segment. In the second part, the author makes a descriptive analysis of the new word system in the textbook, and examines the relationship between the word type and grade, the repetition rate and the grade, the frequency of words and the number of words, the type and frequency of words, etc. The third part makes a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the new words system and the social lexicon in textbooks, including the "Common words Table" with the "Modern Chinese Frequency Dictionary", "the outline of Chinese level words and Chinese characters", "the Common words Table". A Comparative Analysis of Common words in Modern Chinese and High Frequency words in Media in 2013. In the fourth part, combining with the theory of children's speech development, it is found that there are some problems in the system of new words in textbooks, such as the overall distribution of words, the composition of each syllable and the updating of new words system, and the corresponding suggestions are put forward. The fifth part puts forward some personal suggestions on vocabulary teaching in textbooks. Under the condition that the Chinese teaching material of primary school can not be changed, the teacher can make appropriate adjustment from three aspects: the content of the teaching material, the teaching emphasis, the teaching method and so on, aiming at the deficiency of the new words system of the teaching material. In the course of studying the system of new words in textbooks, the following phenomena are found through descriptive and contrastive analysis: first, the system of new words in textbooks does not fully conform to Piaget's theory of the stage of children's cognitive development. The concrete manifestation is that the law of development of language ability is not very consistent with the law of language development in the key period of language development. Second, there are fewer high-frequency dicyllabic words in the new words system of teaching materials; third, the general vocabulary in the new words system of teaching materials is slowly updated, which is different from the common words used in social media in 2013. According to the above phenomena, this paper holds that the teaching materials should plan the new words system scientifically and systematically from the macroscopic angle, and the teachers should supplement and adjust the existing teaching materials' new words system properly and reasonably from the micro angle. Cooperation between the two sides can be more conducive to the students' learning of new words in textbooks.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.2

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