小学科学“物质的变化”主题相异构想的测查研究

发布时间：2019-05-10 19:05

【摘要】：学生已有知识经验是影响学生学习的重要因素,小学生对科学概念形成了各种各样的想法。通过梳理与小学科学相异构想相关的研究,确定本研究的目的为测查小学生“物质的变化”主题的相异构想。通过分析小学科学课程中“物质的变化”相关概念,绘制了“物质的变化”概念图,并在此基础上开发了二段式诊断工具。之后进行预测,并修订工具,最终确定“物质的变化”二段式诊断测验正式问卷。对五、六年级311名小学生进行测查,并对比两个年级学生对“物质的变化”主题的相异构想。结果发现学生在物理变化、化学变化、可逆变化、不可逆变化这些概念中存在相异构想。主要有:“物理变化和化学变化概念混淆”、“水是否有固定形状不能正确认识”、“水蒸气与水不是同一种物质”、“铁锅生锈是物理变化”、“不知道水的蒸发是任何时候都可以进行的”、“不可逆变化与化学变化概念混淆”。五、六年级学生“物质的变化”相异构想整体上差别不大,在蒸发条件、腐蚀、物质的变化分类标准等方面,教师对学生相异构想的认识是准确的,在水的三态变化、燃烧是化学变化、可逆变化与不可逆变化的区分这些方面,教师对学生相异构想的认识有误差。最后,根据教师的访谈情况与学生所具有的相异构想之间的差异,提出教学建议。
[Abstract]:Students have knowledge and experience is an important factor affecting students' learning, primary school students have formed a variety of ideas on scientific concepts. By combing the research related to the different ideas of primary school science, it is determined that the purpose of this study is to investigate the different ideas of the theme of "material change" in primary school students. By analyzing the related concepts of "material change" in primary school science curriculum, the concept map of "material change" is drawn, and on this basis, a two-stage diagnostic tool is developed. After that, the prediction was carried out and the tool was revised to determine the formal questionnaire of "material change" two-stage diagnostic test. 311 pupils in grades 5 and 6 were investigated, and the different ideas of "material change" between the two grades were compared. The results show that there are different ideas in the concepts of physical change, chemical change, reversible change and irreversible change. The main contents are as follows: "the concept of physical change and chemical change is confused", "whether water has a fixed shape can not be correctly understood", "water vapor and water are not the same substance", "rust of iron pot is physical change". "I don't know that evaporation of water can be done at any time." irreversible change is confused with the concept of chemical change. Fifth and sixth grade students have little difference in the concept of "material change". In terms of evaporation conditions, corrosion, and classification criteria of material changes, teachers' understanding of the students' different ideas is accurate, and the three-state changes in water are accurate. Combustion is a chemical change, reversible change and irreversible change distinguish these aspects, teachers have errors in their understanding of students' different ideas. Finally, according to the differences between teachers' interviews and students' different ideas, some teaching suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.6

【参考文献】