教育投入与人的现代化研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 17:33

【摘要】：党的十八大高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,确立了实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标。全面建成小康社会,建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家,实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦,归根结底,要靠人来实现,要靠敢于承担并有能力完成的人即现代化主体来实现。实现人的现代化,既是实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的重要条件,也是“以人为本”发展观的必然要求,是我国社会主义现代化建设的核心内容。关注人的生存和发展,推进和实现国民的现代化,已为当今世界各国所重视。中国作为世界上最大的转型和发展中国家,拥有十三亿多人口和五千多年文明史,在这样一个国家实现人的现代化,其重要意义决不限于其自身,它关乎整个人类现代化的进程。因此,研究和探索人的现代化的客观规律和实现方式,以人的现代化推进社会现代化,以社会现代化深化和发展人的现代化,实现两者统一协同并进,是我们面临的重要课题。在人的现代化诸多影响因素中,教育是影响人的现代化的最重要因素之一,它在人的现代化过程中发挥着不可替代的重要作用,是开启通往人的现代化大门的一把钥匙。教育经费的投入、分配和有效使用是教育事业健康发展的重要保证,多年来,在党中央、国务院正确领导下,全党全社会不断加大教育投入,使我国教育事业取得了重大进展——学前教育逐步发展,城乡免费义务教育全面实现,高中阶段入学率持续提升,现代职业教育体系不断完善,高等教育大众化水平进一步提高,教育公平迈出重大步伐,教育领域综合改革有序推进,等等。教育的发展极大地提高了全民族素质,加快了我国从人口大国向人力资源强国转变的步伐。在教育事业取得一系列成就的同时,我们还需要看到,与整个教育事业健康发展所需要的经费保障要求相比,我国教育财政还存在一些问题,突出表现为教育投入的总量还不足以满足各级各类教育的经费需求,教育投入的体制机制还不够完善,教育投入对中西部等经济薄弱地区的倾斜力度不够,教育投入分配结构不尽合理,教育投入的监督还不够到位,等等。我国教育投入存在的这些问题,制约了教育事业的进一步发展,从而也将对我国现代化建设和人的现代化的实现形成制约。因此,必须努力加大教育投入,提升教育发展水平,加速实现我国人的现代化。本文以马克思主义有关人的发展理论和教育理论为指导,吸收借鉴现代西方学界有关理论的合理成果,分析了教育投入与人的现代化之间的内在作用机理,构建了教育投入与人的现代化内在作用函数模型；总结回顾了我国教育投入的历史,对我国教育投入的现状进行了客观分析；在此基础上,进一步分析了我国教育投入存在的问题及其成因；学习借鉴有关国家教育投入的先进经验和做法,提出加大教育投入、推进人的现代化的对策与建议。
[Abstract]:The 18th National Congress of the Party held high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established the goal of achieving the "two hundred years." In the final analysis, Chinese Dream, who has built a well-off society, a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized and harmonious socialist modern country and a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, has to rely on people to achieve it. Must rely on the courage to undertake and have the ability to complete, that is, the main body of modernization to achieve. The realization of human modernization is not only the important condition to realize the great rejuvenation of Chinese Dream of the Chinese nation, but also the inevitable requirement of "people-oriented" concept of development, and the core content of China's socialist modernization construction. Attention to the survival and development of human beings, to promote and realize the modernization of the people, has been attached importance to the world. As the largest transitional and developing country in the world, with a population of more than 1.3 billion and a history of more than five thousand years of civilization, the significance of realizing human modernization in such a country is not limited to itself. It concerns the whole process of human modernization. Therefore, it is an important task for us to study and explore the objective laws and ways of realizing human modernization, to promote social modernization with human modernization, to deepen and develop human modernization by social modernization, and to realize the unity and coordination of both. Education is one of the most important factors that influence the modernization of human being. It plays an irreplaceable role in the process of modernization and is the key to the modernization of man. The investment, distribution and effective use of educational funds is an important guarantee for the healthy development of educational undertakings. Over the years, under the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the whole party and society have continuously increased their educational investment. This has made great progress in our country's educational undertakings-the gradual development of pre-school education, the full realization of free compulsory education in urban and rural areas, the continuous increase in the enrolment rate in senior high schools, and the continuous improvement of the modern vocational education system. The level of popularization of higher education has been further improved, major steps have been taken towards educational fairness, and comprehensive reform in the field of education has been promoted in an orderly manner. The development of education has greatly improved the quality of the whole nation and accelerated the transition from a large population country to a powerful human resources country. While making a series of achievements in education, we also need to see that there are still some problems in education finance in our country, compared with the requirements of funding support for the healthy development of the whole education cause. The outstanding manifestations are that the total amount of investment in education is not enough to meet the needs of education at all levels and types of education, that the institutional mechanism of education investment is not perfect enough, and that the investment in education is not enough in favour of the economically weak areas such as the central and western regions. The distribution structure of educational input is unreasonable, the supervision of educational investment is not enough, etc. These problems in education investment in our country have restricted the further development of education, which will also restrict the modernization of our country and the realization of human modernization. Therefore, we must make great efforts to increase educational investment, improve the level of educational development, and accelerate the modernization of Chinese people. Under the guidance of Marxist theories on human development and education, this paper analyzes the internal mechanism between educational investment and human modernization, drawing on the reasonable results of relevant theories in modern western academic circles. This paper constructs the internal function model of educational investment and human modernization, summarizes and reviews the history of educational investment in China, and makes an objective analysis of the present situation of educational investment in China. This paper further analyzes the existing problems and causes of educational investment in China, studies and draws lessons from the advanced experiences and practices of national educational investment, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for increasing educational investment and promoting human modernization.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G521
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本文编号：2248625