农村义务教育经费公共投入研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 18:36

本文关键词： 农村义务教育公共投入转移支付　出处：《中国海洋大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：教育是一个国家振兴的基础,是一个民族进步的灵魂。义务教育作为教育的基础阶段,在赋予人们基本的知识和技能,塑造人们健康的心理和性格等方面起到了至关重要的作用。我国历来都是农业大国,农村义务教育在国民教育的体系中处于基础地位,农村义务教育的好坏直接关系国家和民族的未来。义务教育具有极强的外部收益性,应当归入公共物品的行业,其资源的配置应该由政府统一安排,其经费投入也应该由政府公共财政支出负担。然而,我国多年来一直忽视农村义务教育的发展,甚至在某段时间里将义务教育作为一种产业进行市场化运营。从本世纪以来,国家持续加大对农村义务教育的投入,多年来困扰农村义务教育发展的经费问题得到了很大的缓解。但是这种公共投入的加大依然没有制度上的保障,没有可持续性；同时由于多年的积累,在农村义务教育经费的公共投入问题上依然有很多的问题没有得到解决。论文从公共财政理论出发,对中国农村义务教育经费的公共投入问题进行了研究。文章首先对公共物品理论、公共财政理论以及义务教育理论进行了论述,并分析了义务教育的公共品属性,这是农村义务教育经费公共投入研究的理论基础。其次,文章对中国农村义务教育公共投入的历程和现状进行了分析,特别是分析了改革开放以来中国在农村义务教育经费公共投入上的政策和措施的变化；并对当前中国农村义务教育经费公共投入的现状进行了分析,指出投入不足、投入的不均衡、支出主体结构失调、以及信息不透明是义务教育经费支出的主要问题,这些问题的存在将影响社会的进步和公平。再次,文章对欧美国家的先进经验进行了分析,支出投资主体上移,适度的责权分离和稳定的投入是欧美国家义务教育管理的主要趋势。最后,文章针对农村义务教育经费公共投入的问题,从投入机制、转移支付、经费来源、社会监督和立法方面提出了相关的对策与建议。
[Abstract]:Education is the foundation of a country's rejuvenation and the soul of a nation's progress. As the basic stage of education, compulsory education is giving people basic knowledge and skills. Shaping people's healthy psychology and personality has played a vital role. China has always been a large agricultural country, rural compulsory education in the national education system in the basic position, The quality of rural compulsory education is directly related to the future of the country and the nation. Compulsory education has a strong external profitability and should be classified as an industry of public goods, and the allocation of its resources should be arranged uniformly by the government. However, the development of compulsory education in rural areas has been neglected for many years in our country, and the compulsory education has even been marketized as an industry in a certain period of time. The government has continuously increased the investment in rural compulsory education, which has greatly alleviated the problem of funds that have puzzled the development of rural compulsory education for many years. However, the increase of this kind of public investment still has no system guarantee and no sustainability; At the same time, due to the accumulation of many years, there are still many problems about the public investment of rural compulsory education funds. Based on the theory of public finance, this paper studies the public investment of compulsory education funds in rural China. Firstly, it discusses the theory of public goods, the theory of public finance and the theory of compulsory education. And analyzes the compulsory education public goods attribute, this is the rural compulsory education funds public input research theory foundation. Secondly, the paper analyzes the course and present situation of the public investment in rural compulsory education in China, especially the changes of the policies and measures in the public investment of compulsory education in rural areas since the reform and opening up. This paper also analyzes the current situation of the public investment in compulsory education in rural China, and points out that the main problems of the expenditure of compulsory education are insufficient input, unbalanced input, imbalance of the main structure of expenditure, and information opacity. The existence of these problems will affect social progress and equity. Thirdly, the article analyzes the advanced experience of European and American countries. The main trend of compulsory education management in Europe and America is to move up the main body of expenditure investment, to separate responsibility and power moderately and to invest stably. Finally, aiming at the problem of public input of rural compulsory education funds, this paper puts forward some relevant countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of investment mechanism, transfer payment, source of funds, social supervision and legislation.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G522.3

【参考文献】