硕士研究生选拔方式研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 11:41

本文关键词： 研究生选拔方式招考分离两段制　出处：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究生教育是高等教育最高层次,是一个国家高等教育水平的标志,同时也反映着一个国家智力资源的开发与储备,标志着一个国家科学技术与经济竞争的能力。研究生选拔是研究生教育的起点和关键,是选拔高层次专门人才和拔尖创新人才的重要途径,其选拔方式科学与否,直接影响着整个研究生教育的质量和规格。本文采用文献分析的研究方法,梳理我国硕士研究生选拔方式的建构和演化发展,总结存在的问题,并和国外的研究生选拔进行比较研究,借鉴美、英、德、法、日等国研究生选拔经验,从多学科理论视角,分析影响我国研究生选拔方式的主要因素,探讨我国研究生选拔方式的改革思路,以期为我国研究生选拔方式的发展提出有建设性的意见和建议。首先,本文通过文献资料研究我国三十多年硕士研究生选拔方式的建构和演化发展。我国自1978年恢复研究生招生时,初步建构了初试加复试的选拔方式。经过三十多年的演化发展,仍然采取初试加复试的方式。初试分为全国统考、全国联考、单独考试、推荐免试四种。复试由开始的合格式复试发展到后来的竞赛式复试及加权式复试。同时,对我国现行研究生选拔方式进行分析,探讨了存在涉及环节多,综合成本大；初试科学性不足；复试有效性不足等问题。其次,本文从多学科角度,以人力资本理论、知识管理理论和利益关系人需求理论为分析工具,对研究生选拔涉及政府、高校、导师、考生和用人单位等相关利益人的需求进行分析。同时,对国外的研究生选拔进行比较研究,重点介绍了美、英、德、法、日各国研究生选拔的方式和特点。在比较分析的基础上,阐述对我国现行研究生选拔方式改革的启示。最后,在文献分析和比较分析的研究基础上,本文运用多学科理论分析归纳出影响研究生选拔方式变革的因素：研究生人力资本特点、知识考查的整体性、利益关系人的需求、研究生选拔的供求状况和选拔成本。借鉴美、英、德、法、日等国的研究生选拔经验,提出在我国研究生规模化发展的状况下,应结合我国教育资源结构性紧缺的实际,进行渐进式改革,实行招考分离的两段制,注重初试与复试的功能定位。以选拔性考试为主,推荐免试为辅。第一段为初试(资格考试),由教育部考试中心、省级教育考试机构等组织。注重考试安全性、公信力和科学性的提高。内容设置上注重体现研究生人力资本的特点,注重整体知识的考查。第二段为复试(深度考核),由招生单位在教育主管部门制定的框架下自主组织。注重现代科学手段和方法的应用,使选拔更经济、更有效、更公正、更科学,以更好地促进我国研究生教育的健康发展,提高研究生教育的质量和国际竞争力。
[Abstract]:Graduate education is the highest level of higher education, is a sign of a higher education level of the country, but also reflects the development and reserve a national intelligence resources, marks a national science and technology and economic competition ability. Graduate selection is the starting point and the key of graduate education, is an important way to select high level professionals and top-notch innovative talents, the selection method is scientific or not directly affects the quality of graduate education and specifications. This paper adopts the research methods of literature analysis, combing our postgraduate selection methods in construction and development, and sums up the existing problems, and study abroad students selecting comparative study for reference, the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan and other countries research method, the selection of experience, from the perspective of multi discipline theory, analysis of main factors influencing the selection of graduate students in China, to explore the selection of graduate students in China In order to bring forward constructive suggestions and suggestions for the development of the selection of graduate students in China.
First of all, the construction and evolution of development through literature research in China more than 30 years of graduate selection. In China since 1978 to restore the postgraduate enrollment, the initial construction of the first test and retest selection methods. After thirty years of development and evolution, still take the first and retest way. First divided into the national examination, the the entrance exam, examination alone, recommendation four. From the beginning of the re development to the competition format and retest retest and retest later weighted. At the same time, the way of China's current graduate selection analysis, discusses the existing and related links, comprehensive cost; lack of scientific test retest validity of problem;.
Secondly, this article from a multidisciplinary perspective, based on human capital theory, knowledge management theory and stakeholder needs theory as an analytical tool for graduate selection involving the government, universities, tutors, analysis of candidates and employers and other stakeholders needs. At the same time, to study abroad students selecting comparative study focuses on the beauty, Britain, Germany, method, way and characteristics of Japan national graduate selection. On the basis of comparative analysis, elaborated on China's current graduate selection mode reform.
Finally, in the literature research and comparative analysis, this paper uses multi-disciplinary theory analysis summed up the influencing factors of graduate selection mode: the human capital characteristics of postgraduate, holistic knowledge test, stakeholder needs, the supply and demand of graduate selection and selection cost. The reference of the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan's research method, the selection of experience, proposed in the large-scale development of graduate students in China under the condition of educational resources in China should be combined with the actual structural shortage, progressive reform, implementation of recruitment separation of two stage system, pay attention to the function of positioning the first and second round interviews. The selection examination, recommendation the first section is the first test exemption supplement. (examination), by the Ministry of Education Examination Center, the provincial education examination institutions and other organizations. Focusing on test safety, credibility and scientific improvement. The content setting reflects the importance of graduate student human The characteristics of capital, pay attention to the overall knowledge of the test. The second section is the second (depth examination), self organization framework developed by the admissions unit of the departments in charge of education. Pay attention to the application of modern scientific means and methods, make the selection more economical, more effective, more fair, more scientific, to better promote the healthy development of our country graduate education, Graduate Education to improve the quality and international competitiveness.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G643

【参考文献】