Z大学硕士生创业能力自我认知研究

发布时间：2019-01-12 16:17

【摘要】：随着知识经济的发展,传统的高等教育培养模式已经不能够满足现代社会的需求,急需大量具有创业精神、创业意识以及创业能力的综合型人才。作为高等教育培育的高素质人才,硕士研究生是我国未来创新创业的中坚力量。提高硕士生创业能力,培养创业型人才是适应现代社会经济发展的需要,是缓解就业压力,响应国家“双创”战略,推进高等教育改革的重要途径。本研究运用实证调查探讨当前Z大学硕士研究生创业能力的认知情况,并分析不同背景变量下硕士研究生创业能力的差异情形,发现存在的问题,思考制约Z大学硕士生创业能力提升的原因,并提出有针对性的策略。文章共有五部分组成:第一部分是梳理相关研究概念和国内外研究概况来把握研究背景和研究基础;第二部分是阐述Z大学硕士研究生创业能力培养的实施细则以及激励措施等;第三部分是根据问卷调查得到的数据,介绍Z大学硕士生创业能力的具体情况,并归纳问题;第四部分是分析制约Z大学硕士生创业能力提升的原因;第五部分是有针对性地提出相关培养路径。研究显示:Z大学硕士生创业能力总体水平一般,男生的创业能力高于女生;研三的学生创业能力高于研二、研一;不同专业类别的硕士生在创业能力上无显著差异;担任过学生干部的硕士生创业能力显著高于未担任过学生干部的硕士生;实习或兼职经历对硕士生创业能力有影响;家庭背景对硕士生创业能力有影响等结论。根据研究结果,归纳出Z大学硕士生创业能力存在的问题有:对创业认识层次不齐;缺乏人际交往;不善于整合资源。详细分析Z大学硕士生创业能力问题形成的原因:一是学生缺乏创新精神,缺乏内在创业动机,缺乏创业实践;二是高校创业教育定位不准确、创业课程不合理、师资匮乏、评价体系不健全;三是创业顶层设计不到位,创业扶持政策落实不到位以及未建立创业失败保障机制。四是家庭不鼓励子女创业。最后,对Z大学硕士生创业能力培养提出思考和建议:硕士生要转变创业观念,积极参与创业实践;学校要完善创业教育;政府要发挥主体作用;家庭要提供鼓励与支持。
[Abstract]:With the development of knowledge economy, the traditional training mode of higher education can no longer meet the needs of modern society. It is in urgent need of a large number of comprehensive talents with entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurial consciousness and entrepreneurial ability. As high-quality talents cultivated in higher education, graduate students are the backbone of innovation and entrepreneurship in the future. It is an important way to improve the entrepreneurial ability of master students and cultivate entrepreneurial talents to meet the needs of modern social and economic development, to relieve the pressure of employment, to respond to the national strategy of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and to promote the reform of higher education. This study uses empirical investigation to explore the current cognitive situation of entrepreneurial ability of postgraduates in Z University, and analyzes the differences of entrepreneurial ability of postgraduates under different background variables, and finds out the existing problems. Thinking about the reasons of restricting Z university master students to improve their entrepreneurial ability, and putting forward targeted strategies. There are five parts of the article: the first part is to comb the relevant research concepts and domestic and foreign research overview to grasp the research background and research foundation; The second part is to elaborate Z University master graduate entrepreneurial ability training implementation rules and incentive measures, the third part is based on the data obtained from the questionnaire, introduced Z University master students entrepreneurial ability specific situation, and summed up the problems; The fourth part is to analyze the reasons that restrict Z university master students' entrepreneurial ability promotion; the fifth part is to put forward the relevant cultivation path. The results show that: the general level of entrepreneurial ability of Master students in Z University is general, the entrepreneurial ability of male students is higher than that of female students, the entrepreneurial ability of the students in the third degree is higher than that of the second and the first, there is no significant difference in the entrepreneurial ability among the master students of different specialties. The entrepreneurial ability of the master students who have served as student cadres is significantly higher than that of the master students who have not served as the student cadres; the practice or part-time experience has an impact on the entrepreneurial ability of the master students; the family background has an impact on the entrepreneurial ability of the master students and so on. According to the research results, we conclude that the problems of Z university master students' entrepreneurial ability are: the level of understanding of entrepreneurship is not uniform, lack of interpersonal communication, not good at integrating resources. This paper analyzes in detail the reasons for the formation of the entrepreneurial ability of the postgraduates in Z University: first, the students lack the spirit of innovation, the lack of internal motivation for entrepreneurship, and the lack of entrepreneurial practice; Second, the orientation of entrepreneurship education in universities is not accurate, the entrepreneurship curriculum is unreasonable, teachers are scarce, and the evaluation system is not perfect; third, the top level design of entrepreneurship is not in place, the implementation of entrepreneurship support policy is not in place and the failure guarantee mechanism has not been established. Fourth, families do not encourage their children to start a business. Finally, the author puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on the cultivation of entrepreneurial ability of Master students in Z University: master students should change their concept of entrepreneurship and actively participate in entrepreneurial practice; schools should improve entrepreneurship education; the government should play a major role; and families should provide encouragement and support.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G643

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