实训类课程教学观察模型的设计与应用

发布时间：2018-12-17 00:10

【摘要】：近年来,我国高度重视职业教育的发展,不断为职业教育的发展注入高能量。职业教育为我国铸造更多的“大国工匠”,能够推动劳动者自身的可持续职业发展,并不断培养高素质的技术技能人才。随之,对从事职业教育的教师的自身专业能力的要求也在不断提升。教师的技术技能水平直接影响着学习技能者的学习效果。促进职业教育教师的专业发展,刻不容缓,势在必得。而对教师的课堂进行观察是帮助教师提升自身专业能力的有效途径。通过认识自我、反思自我、完善自我的良性循环,不断提升教师的专业能力。职业教育的主打课程就是实训类课程,强调做中学。所以,本研究从构建实训类课程的模型、实训类课程教学观察模型入手,设计开发适用于实训类课程的一套教学观察方案,帮助从事职业教育的教师提升技术技能培养训练能力。本研究主要采用基于设计的研究方法,通过文献和访谈调研的方法获得实训类课程发展现状,再结合课程的结构来设计观察模型,从而展开整体研究。对实训类课程的要素进行解析,包括实训角色、实训过程、实训目标,并依据三要素构建了实训课的教学模型。在此基础上,结合访谈结果的数据,继续构建实训类课程的教学观察模型,确定教学观察员的角色定位及观察流程。进一步分析后,确定实训类课程教学观察的核心维度为教师示范、安全操作、问题解决和理实结合。每个维度进行二级、三级维度细化后,可得具体的实训行为观察点。利用观察点的特性和实训课堂结构,设计出了多个实训教学观察使用量表,包括实训课教学观察预案量表、实训课教学观察基础量表、小组合作量表。最后,使用量表对汽车实验实训中心的职业技能训练(高级)课程进行了现场观察。通过对观察采集的数据进行详细分析与解读,证明了该量表的实用性。该课例的数据分析报告,重现了实训场的关键环节,为数据分析的信度提供了保障。此量表的编制,为实训类课程的教学观察提供记录工具,帮助从事职业教育的教师稳步提升技术技能培养等专业发展能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country attaches great importance to the development of vocational education and continuously injects high energy into the development of vocational education. Vocational education can create more craftsmen for our country, which can promote the sustainable professional development of the workers themselves, and constantly cultivate high-quality technical and technical talents. With this, teachers engaged in vocational education their own professional ability is also constantly improving. The technical skill level of the teacher directly affects the learning effect of the learner. Promote the professional development of vocational education teachers, without delay, the momentum in the inevitable. Observation of teachers' classroom is an effective way to help teachers improve their professional ability. Through self-understanding, self-reflection, self-improvement of the virtuous circle, constantly improve the professional ability of teachers. The main course of vocational education is the practical course, which emphasizes doing middle learning. Therefore, this research starts with the construction of the model of the practical training course and the teaching observation model of the practical training course, and designs and develops a set of teaching observation scheme suitable for the practical training course. Help teachers engaged in vocational education to develop their technical skills and training ability. This research mainly adopts the research method based on design, obtains the development status of the practical training curriculum through the methods of literature and interview investigation, and then designs the observation model combining the structure of the course, so as to carry out the whole research. This paper analyzes the elements of practical training courses, including the role of practice, the process of practice, and the goal of practice, and constructs the teaching model of practical courses according to the three elements. On this basis, combining the data of interview results, we continue to construct the teaching observation model of practical training courses, and determine the role orientation and observation flow of teaching observers. After further analysis, it is determined that the core dimensions of teaching observation of practical training courses are teacher demonstration, safe operation, problem solving and combination of theory and practice. After each dimension is refined into two and three dimensions, a specific observation point of practice behavior can be obtained. Based on the characteristics of observation points and the structure of training class, the author designs several scales of observation and use of practical teaching, including the scale of observation plan of practical course, the scale of basic observation of practical teaching, and the scale of group cooperation. Finally, the field observation of vocational skill training (advanced) course of automobile experiment training center was carried out by using the scale. Through the detailed analysis and interpretation of the data collected by observation, the practicability of the scale is proved. The data analysis report of the class example reproduces the key link of the training field and provides a guarantee for the reliability of the data analysis. The development of the scale provides a recording tool for the teaching observation of practical training courses, and helps teachers engaged in vocational education to steadily enhance their technical skills and other professional development abilities.
【学位授予单位】：天津职业技术师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G712

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