提高高职学生就业竞争力的策略研究
发布时间：2019-01-12 18:50
【摘要】：随着社会的发展，国家对人才的需求不断提高，尤其是对高技能创新型人才的需求，这就亟需要高职院校培养一批适合社会发展、国家需求的可以服务一线的高技能型人才，使得高职学生在现代社会生产、建设、管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。随着《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》（2010—2020）的颁布，高职教育的发展被进一步重视，党和国家对高职学生提出更高的要求并寄予更高期望。然而近些年，高职学生由于受整体就业环境的影响，加之学历层次较低等自身的劣势条件，未能充分发挥其就业竞争力，使他们的就业形势变得更加严峻。因此为了改善高职学生的就业现状，高职院校必须设法从根本上提升学生的就业竞争力，才能使高职学生顺利从学校过渡到社会，，最终成为符合社会发展需求的高素质、高技能人才。本文立足于职业教育学的基本理论和管理学的胜任特征模型、系统工程理论，在前人研究成果的基础上，通过实践调研，尝试总结和分析了陕西省高职院校毕业生的就业特点，并与用人单位对人才需求的标准做了对比分析，从国家、高职院校、学生自身等层面提出了增强高职学生就业竞争力的建议和对策，并重点对学校的人才培养模式进行了探讨研究。 本研究主要采用了文献研究法、问卷调查法、访谈法、比较分析法等方法。本文分为四个部分:第一部分对高职学生就业竞争力的国内外研究现状进行了综述；第二部分对高职学生就业竞争力的相关理论进行概述；第三部分，作者以五所高职院校毕业生和就业指导老师为调查对象，分别进行了抽样问卷调查和访谈，在揭示了高职学生就业竞争力现状的同时，与用人单位人才需求标准做了对比，分析总结了高职学生的就业优、劣势；第四部分，为提高高职学生就业竞争力，作者从国家、学校、个人三个层面提出了相关建议和对策。本研究的最终目的是提高高职院校对学生就业竞争力指导的针对性和实效性，提高高职院校学生的就业竞争力，帮助高职学生科学规划自己的职业生涯，使其顺利的步入社会，成长为社会需要的有用人才，并为其职业生涯的终生发展奠定基础。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the country's demand for talents, especially the demand for highly skilled and innovative talents, is increasing. It is urgent for higher vocational colleges to cultivate a group of highly skilled talents who are suitable for social development and can serve the first-line needs of the country. Higher vocational students are playing more and more important role in modern society production, construction and management. With the promulgation of the outline of the National medium and long term Education Reform and Development Program (2010-2020), the development of higher vocational education has been paid more attention to, and the Party and the country have put forward higher requirements and higher expectations to the students in higher vocational education. However, in recent years, due to the influence of the overall employment environment, coupled with the lower educational level and other inferior conditions, vocational students have failed to give full play to their employment competitiveness, making their employment situation more severe. Therefore, in order to improve the present employment situation of higher vocational students, higher vocational colleges must find ways to fundamentally enhance the employment competitiveness of students, in order to make vocational college students transition smoothly from school to society, and finally become the high quality that meets the needs of social development. Highly skilled personnel. Based on the basic theory of vocational education and the competency model of management science, the system engineering theory, based on the previous research results, this paper tries to summarize and analyze the employment characteristics of graduates of higher vocational colleges in Shaanxi Province through practical investigation. In addition, the author makes a comparative analysis with the standards of talent demand of employers, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to enhance the employment competitiveness of higher vocational students from the aspects of the country, higher vocational colleges, students themselves, etc. And focus on the school of talent training model to explore the research. This study mainly adopts the methods of literature research, questionnaire survey, interview, comparative analysis and so on. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of vocational students' employment competitiveness, the second part summarizes the theory of vocational students' employment competitiveness. In the third part, the author takes five vocational college graduates and employment guidance teachers as the objects of investigation, carries on the sampling questionnaire survey and the interview separately, reveals the present situation of the vocational college students' employment competitiveness at the same time, Compared with the talent demand standard of the employer, this paper analyzes and summarizes the employment advantages and disadvantages of the students in higher vocational education. In the fourth part, in order to improve the competitiveness of higher vocational students' employment, the author puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures from three aspects: state, school and individual. The ultimate purpose of this study is to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of vocational colleges' guidance on students' employment competitiveness, to improve the employment competitiveness of vocational college students, to help vocational college students to plan their career scientifically, and to make them enter the society smoothly. To grow up as a useful talent needed by society, and to lay the foundation for their lifetime development.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G717.38
本文编号：2408088
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the country's demand for talents, especially the demand for highly skilled and innovative talents, is increasing. It is urgent for higher vocational colleges to cultivate a group of highly skilled talents who are suitable for social development and can serve the first-line needs of the country. Higher vocational students are playing more and more important role in modern society production, construction and management. With the promulgation of the outline of the National medium and long term Education Reform and Development Program (2010-2020), the development of higher vocational education has been paid more attention to, and the Party and the country have put forward higher requirements and higher expectations to the students in higher vocational education. However, in recent years, due to the influence of the overall employment environment, coupled with the lower educational level and other inferior conditions, vocational students have failed to give full play to their employment competitiveness, making their employment situation more severe. Therefore, in order to improve the present employment situation of higher vocational students, higher vocational colleges must find ways to fundamentally enhance the employment competitiveness of students, in order to make vocational college students transition smoothly from school to society, and finally become the high quality that meets the needs of social development. Highly skilled personnel. Based on the basic theory of vocational education and the competency model of management science, the system engineering theory, based on the previous research results, this paper tries to summarize and analyze the employment characteristics of graduates of higher vocational colleges in Shaanxi Province through practical investigation. In addition, the author makes a comparative analysis with the standards of talent demand of employers, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to enhance the employment competitiveness of higher vocational students from the aspects of the country, higher vocational colleges, students themselves, etc. And focus on the school of talent training model to explore the research. This study mainly adopts the methods of literature research, questionnaire survey, interview, comparative analysis and so on. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of vocational students' employment competitiveness, the second part summarizes the theory of vocational students' employment competitiveness. In the third part, the author takes five vocational college graduates and employment guidance teachers as the objects of investigation, carries on the sampling questionnaire survey and the interview separately, reveals the present situation of the vocational college students' employment competitiveness at the same time, Compared with the talent demand standard of the employer, this paper analyzes and summarizes the employment advantages and disadvantages of the students in higher vocational education. In the fourth part, in order to improve the competitiveness of higher vocational students' employment, the author puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures from three aspects: state, school and individual. The ultimate purpose of this study is to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of vocational colleges' guidance on students' employment competitiveness, to improve the employment competitiveness of vocational college students, to help vocational college students to plan their career scientifically, and to make them enter the society smoothly. To grow up as a useful talent needed by society, and to lay the foundation for their lifetime development.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G717.38
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