OECD国家保教一体化政策研究

发布时间：2019-06-16 16:34

【摘要】：越来越多的研究表明,学前教育可以为社会、经济、家庭及个人的发展带来巨大的收益。因此,在世界范围内,学前教育也越来越受到重视,成为各国优先发展的政策。长期以来,中国的学前教育体系都是分为0-3岁和3～6岁两个阶段,这种二元化局面是中国学前教育发展面临的一大现实问题。针对0-6岁学龄前儿童教育和保育的一体化是国际上学前教育发展的必然趋势。但目前国际范围内对于“保教一体化”政策和计划实施的观念上仍存在一些争议,包括政府职责、行政管理、目标群体、年龄范围、财政投入、服务类型、保教员工、学前教育机构的环境设置、教学方法和家长参与等方面。经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD)作为一个非政府组织,其政策在全球范围内都具有重要的影响力。2010年,OECD发起“提高早期教育与保育质量”项目,形成了丰富的项目成果和资料。可以发现,OECD许多成员国的“保教一体化”都已经发展的较为成熟,这些国家在推进“保教一体化”中采取的措施主要有三：整合设计与实施早期教育和保育课程及其框架；整合和统一保教员工队伍；整合家长和社区资源,鼓励家长和社区参与。本研究以OECD"提高早期教育与保育质量”的项目成果为依据,对OECD国家的“保教一体化”政策进行研究,全文共分为五章。首先从当前国际背景出发,介绍OECD'‘保教一体化”的时代和理论背景,并通过文献法对国际范围内针对“保教一体化”的争议进行分析。在此基础上,运用案例法,以OECD国家为例,选择英国、挪威、瑞典、芬兰、新西兰等具有成熟保教一体化政策和实践的成员国以及努力实现保教一体化的日本等国家为研究的对象国,通过比较,对这些国家的“保教一体化”举措进行深入剖析。通过分析可以发现,这些国家的“保教一体化”政策在政府职责,统一管理,立法保障和共同参与等方面呈现出显著特点。结合OECD国家的经验,我国的“保教一体化”工作推进务必要加快学前教育立法；建立整合性的学前教育管理体制,凸显政府职责；制定一体化保教课程标准；重视保教员工队伍的建设；鼓励家园合作,充分利用社区资源。
[Abstract]:More and more studies have shown that preschool education can bring great benefits to the development of society, economy, family and individual. Therefore, in the world, preschool education has been paid more and more attention, and has become the policy of priority development in various countries. For a long time, the preschool education system in China has been divided into two stages: 0 / 3 and 3 / 6. This dualization is a practical problem in the development of preschool education in China. The integration of education and care for preschool children aged 6 years is an inevitable trend in the development of preschool education in the world. However, there are still some disputes about the implementation of the policy and plan of "integration of nursing and education" in the world, including government responsibility, administration, target group, age range, financial input, service type, nursing staff, environmental setting of preschool education institutions, teaching methods and parents' participation, and so on. As a non-governmental organization, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD) has an important influence on its policies all over the world. In 2010, OECD launched the project "improving the quality of early Education and Care", which formed a wealth of project results and materials. It can be found that the "integration of nursing and education" in many OECD member countries has been more mature. There are three main measures taken by these countries in promoting "integration of education and education": integrating the design and implementation of early education and conservation courses and their framework; integrating and unifying the workforce of nursing and education; integrating parents and community resources to encourage parents and communities to participate. Based on the project results of OECD "improving the quality of early Education and Care", this study studies the policy of "integration of nursing and education" in OECD countries. the full text is divided into five chapters. First of all, from the current international background, this paper introduces the era and theoretical background of the integration of OECD'' care and education, and analyzes the international disputes on the integration of protection and education through the law of literature. On this basis, using case law, taking OECD countries as an example, this paper selects Britain, Norway, Sweden, Finland, New Zealand and other countries with mature integration policies and practices as the target countries, and makes a deep analysis of the measures of "integration of care and education" in these countries through comparison. Through the analysis, it can be found that the policy of "integration of protection and education" in these countries shows remarkable characteristics in the aspects of government responsibility, unified management, legislative guarantee and joint participation. Combined with the experience of OECD country, it is necessary to speed up the legislation of preschool education; establish an integrated management system of preschool education and highlight the responsibilities of the government; formulate the curriculum standard of integrated nursing education; attach importance to the construction of nursing staff; and encourage home cooperation and make full use of community resources.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G619.1

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