中国养老地产发展模式研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 10:12

本文关键词： 人口老龄化养老地产开发模式运营模式　出处：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自上世纪90年代开始,我国老年人口数量快速增长,社会老龄化程度不断加深,老年人口数量的剧增和养老机构床位的缺乏使我国社会面临着巨大的养老压力,日益凸显的养老问题引起了政府和社会的共同关注。“福利性事业,准市场化运作”的养老地产在此背景下应运而生,发展养老地产也成为应对人口老龄化的一项重要举措。同时,随着社会经济的发展和养老观念的改变,传统的养老模式已经不能满足老年人追求优质晚年生活质量的需求,来自不同行业的投资者开始进入养老地产市场,投入到养老住宅的开发中,市场化实业运转规律的养老项目越来越多。尽管特殊的消费群体使得养老地产区别于传统住宅项目,但是房地产开发商及其它投资者开发养老地产项目的最终目地都是获得收益,对于营利性养老地产项目来说,发展模式的选择是养老地产盈利的关键。因而本文运用文献研究法、比较研究法、案例分析法等方法,主要从产业角度对企业盈利型养老地产项目发展模式进行全面、深入的梳理分析,反映养老地产发展模式动态和趋势,探讨适合我国特殊国情的可持续性发展的养老地产发展模式,并对我国当前和今后养老地产的发展提出自己的思考和建议,旨在促进我国养老地产的系统化、深入化研究,为养老地产的发展提供理论和实践层面的参考借鉴意义。本文对我国养老地产发展模式研究的主要内容是:首先,先从社会、经济、政策等角度指出养老地产在我国出现的必然性和发展养老地产的意义,之后从多个层面归纳了国内外养老地产的研究文献并指出国内外学者研究的侧重点,在前人研究基础上从多个角度阐述了养老地产的内涵、性质和特点,丰富和完善我国养老地产研究理论。其次,以代表性发达国家美国和日本为例,系统介绍了东西方发达国家养老地产发展经验,并对我国养老地产发展历程和现状作了梳理。在此基础上通过搜集整理我国现有的养老地产项目,将我国养老地产的主要开发模式归纳为居家式养老地产开发模式、大型综合养老社区开发模式、与相关设施并设互惠互利开发模式、异地度假型养老地产开发模式四种模式;将其运营盈利模式归纳为全部出售型、长期持有型、部分出售+长期持有型三种模式。结合现有案例对各种模式的特点、优劣势和适用的市场环境及对应的项目类型作了深入分析,并对养老地产发展趋势进行了预测总结。最后,根据前文对养老地产开发运营模式的详细阐述,认为依托社区建设的养老模式更能满足各类老人的需求。对养老社区的构建从项目指标、产品形式、配套设施和运营模式几个方面进行了分类介绍。之后从微观和宏观角度对养老地产发展提出了思考和建议。微观角度从项目前期市场定位、中期经营管理到后期销售运营各阶段对于提高养老地产开发运营成效提出了思考策略;宏观角度从界定中央与地方职责、加强政府与社会互动以及设定政策实施顺序三个方面构建了养老地产政策体系框架。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the last century in 90s, the number of China's elderly population rapid growth, aging continues to deepen, the lack of the rapid increase in the number of elderly population and pension agency beds so that our society is facing the huge pressure of pension, pension issue has become increasingly prominent caused the common concern of government and society. "Quasi welfare cause, came into being the operation of the market" endowment real estate under this background, the development of pension real estate has become an important measure to cope with the aging of the population. At the same time, with the development of social economy and pension idea change, the old model has been unable to meet the pursuit of quality of life of elderly old age quality needs a traditional, from different industries investors began to enter pension real estate market, into the development of residential market endowment, industrial operation rules endowment project more and more. Although the special consumer groups It is different from the traditional housing endowment real estate projects, but the real estate developers and other investors pension real estate development project the ultimate goal is to gain, for profit pension real estate projects, the development of model selection is the key to profitability. Thus the pension real estate using the literature research, comparative research, case analysis and other methods mainly, the profitability of the business pension real estate project development mode from the angle of the industry to conduct a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of carding, reflecting the dynamic endowment real estate development mode and trend of sustainable development suitable for the specific conditions of China's pension real estate development model, and put forward some thinking and suggestions on China's current and future pension real estate development to promote the pension system, real estate in our country, in-depth research, to provide theory and practice reference for the development of pension real estate . the main content of this paper on the development mode of the endowment real estate in our country is: first, from the social, economic, policy and point out the significance of endowment real estate appeared in our country the necessity and the development of pension real estate, then from several aspects summarizes the research literature at home and abroad and pointed out that the pension real estate research scholars at home and abroad focus on the basis of previous studies, expounds the connotation of the pension real estate from many angles, nature and characteristics, enrich and perfect our endowment real estate research theory. Secondly, the representative of the developed countries such as the United States and Japan as an example, the system introduces the development experience of western developed countries pension real estate, and the history and current situation of the development China's endowment estate out. On the basis of collecting the existing pension real estate projects, will be summarized the main development model of China's old-age real estate for home endowment real estate development model, Large comprehensive pension community development model, and related facilities and set up mutual benefit development model, different resort type pension real estate development mode of the four mode; the mode of operation profit into the sale of all types, long-term holding, partial sale + - hold three models. Combined with the existing cases characteristics of various modes, market the environment and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages and the applicable types of projects are analyzed, and the pension real estate development trend are summarized. Finally, based on the previous detailed elaboration to the pension real estate development and operation mode, believed that in the construction of community care pension mode can meet the various needs of the elderly. The construction of the pension community from the project index of product form, several facilities and operation mode are introduced. From the micro and macro perspective on pension real estate development and puts forward some thoughts and suggestions of the micro. From the point of view of project management to the market positioning, mid late sales operation of the forward thinking strategies for improving the pension real estate development and operation effectiveness; from the perspective of macro definition of the central and local responsibility, build endowment real estate policy framework to strengthen the interaction between government and society and the setting of policy implementation order in three aspects.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F299.23;D669.6

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