中印城镇化区域差异及城镇体系空间演化比较

发布时间：2018-01-31 10:38

本文关键词： 城镇化城镇体系空间格局空间演化中国印度　出处：《地理学报》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国和印度作为两个正在崛起的大国,发展历程较为相似,但发展路径和模式差异较大。两个国家政治制度、经济体系、发展环境等的显著差异已经吸引了学者的广泛关注,本文将从地理学视角出发,重点关注两国城镇化及城镇体系的区域差异和空间演化过程。以人口普查和联合国城市人口数据为基础,采用空间分析、参数估计、非参数估计等多种方法,对中印两国城镇化和城镇体系的空间特征进行系统的比较分析,结果表明:(1)20世纪90年代以来,中国城镇化的区域差异由南北差异转变为沿海—内部差异,而印度南北差异的格局则基本稳定;(2)从省(邦)级空间尺度来看,中国和印度的人口密度和城镇化率都呈现正相关关系,当城镇化率超过50%后,两者的相关性更为显著,但是近年来中国人口密度与城镇化率的相关性不断增强,而印度则呈现降低的趋势;(3)现阶段中印两国以大中城市为主的城镇体系符合位序—规模分布的特征,但是经济改革对于两个国家城镇体系空间演化的影响差异明显,改革使得中国城镇发展的主要驱动力由地理历史因素向经济系统空间结构转变,而印度城镇发展的驱动力始终是地理历史因素,经济改革甚至降低了经济系统空间结构对城镇发展的影响。
[Abstract]:China and India as two rising powers, the development process is more similar, but the development path and mode are quite different, the two countries political system, economic system. The significant differences in the development environment have attracted extensive attention of scholars. This paper will proceed from the perspective of geography. Based on the population census and the United Nations urban population data, spatial analysis, parameter estimation and non-parametric estimation are adopted. This paper makes a systematic comparative analysis of the spatial characteristics of urbanization and urban system between China and India. The results show that the two countries have been in the 20th century since 90s. The regional difference of urbanization in China has changed from the North-South difference to the coastal internal difference, while the pattern of the South-North difference in India is basically stable. The population density and urbanization rate of China and India are both positively correlated with each other. When the urbanization rate exceeds 50%, the correlation between them is more significant. However, the correlation between population density and urbanization rate in China has been increasing in recent years, while in India, the trend is decreasing. At the present stage, the urban system of China and India, which is dominated by large and medium-sized cities, accords with the characteristics of location-scale distribution, but the influence of economic reform on the spatial evolution of urban system between the two countries is obvious. The reform has changed the main driving force of Chinese urban development from geographical historical factor to economic system spatial structure, while the driving force of Indian urban development has always been geographical historical factor. Economic reform has even reduced the impact of the spatial structure of economic systems on the development of cities and towns.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展与模拟重点实验室;中国科学院大学;中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41230632,41671166,41571159,41430636)~~
【分类号】：F299.21;F299.351
【正文快照】： 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085)1前言20世纪末期以来,中国和印度快速崛起,正逐步实现从落后的农业国家向先进的工业化国家转变,同时由于两个国家经济体量巨大,对世界经济的整体格局产生了重要影响。中印两国不仅同为历史悠久、人口众多的亚洲国家,而且近现代以来经

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