中国开发区空间选址及对城市发展影响的经济机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 20:04

  本文关键词： 开发区 空间选址 城市发展 城市空间结构 经济机制　出处：《清华大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：开发区政策是中国最具代表性的区位导向性(Place-based)产业政策,同时也是中国推进城镇化和城市空间重构的重要载体。开发区的发展浓缩了“中国模式”的重要特点,已经成为各经济学分支研究中国经济增长和城市发展的重要课题。论文从开放城市体系和城市空间两个层面,分析开发区空间选址以及影响城市发展的经济机制,丰富了国际学术界关于区位导向性产业政策引导城市发展的理论体系和实证证据,也能够为中国此类产业政策和城市发展政策的设计提供定量支持。论文首先在总结国际上区位导向性产业政策和城市发展理论的基础上,充分结合中国开发区的发展实践及已有研究,从选址和效果互动的角度开展了中国开发区空间选址及影响效果的经济机制理论研究。研究表明,开发区在城市间的选址行为是中央政府(或省级政府)和城市政府互动的结果;而城市政府在城市空间中的开发区选址决策则需要权衡各区位上开发区政策所带来的收益和成本;开发区政策通过集聚经济效应从生产和消费两个渠道带动城市发展。在理论研究基础上,论文借助统计分析、计量经济学模型等实证研究方法,以国家级和省级开发区为例的实证研究发现:(1)区位条件和经济基础等城市禀赋显著影响开发区在城市间的选址结果,上下级官员的政治关联也发挥一定作用;在城市内部,区位交通条件和土地利用现状是影响开发区选址的重要因素。(2)在城市层面,国家和省级开发区在平均意义上带动城市人均国内生产总值提高7.3%,并能够从“数量”和“质量”两个维度推进城镇化。但城市间差异性很大,有相当数量的开发区并未带动城市经济增长和城镇化水平。(3)在8个重点城市中,开发区在平均意义上使其内部及周边的企业生产力显著提升了19.5%和9.85%;论文验证了该提升效应是通过产业关联、共享劳动力池和知识溢出的集聚经济机制实现的;同时它们也带动了周边住房市场和本地服务业市场的活力。但在样本中仍有30%的开发区生产力溢出效应为负,其消费溢出效应也不理想。(4)平均来看,这些开发区生产活动的规模效应会增加能耗和污染,但有些开发区经历了产业结构升级并伴有生产技术改进,能够有效缓解这种负外部性。最后,论文建议在开发区这类区位导向性产业政策的实施过程中,准确把握其选址及效果的内在经济规律,因地制宜,并通过设计合理的激励机制,引导城市政府实现开发区及新城新区的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:The development zone policy is the most representative location-oriented industrial policy in China, and it is also an important carrier for China to promote urbanization and urban space reconstruction. The development of development zones condenses the important characteristics of the "Chinese model". It has become an important topic for all branches of economics to study China's economic growth and urban development. From the two aspects of open city system and urban space, this paper analyzes the spatial location of development zones and the economic mechanisms that affect the development of cities. It enriches the theoretical system and empirical evidence of location-oriented industrial policy guiding urban development in the international academic circles. It can also provide quantitative support for the design of such industrial policies and urban development policies in China. Firstly, the thesis summarizes the international location-oriented industrial policies and urban development theories. Based on the development practice and existing research of China's development zones, this paper studies the economic mechanism of spatial location and effects of development zones in China from the perspective of interaction between location and effect. The location of development zones between cities is the result of the interaction between the central government (or provincial government) and the city government. On the other hand, the decision of urban government's location of development zones in urban space needs to weigh the benefits and costs brought about by the policies of development zones in each location. The development zone policy promotes urban development from two channels of production and consumption through the agglomeration economic effect. On the basis of theoretical research, the paper makes use of empirical research methods such as statistical analysis, econometrics model, etc. The empirical study of the national and provincial development zones shows that the location conditions and economic base of cities have a significant impact on the location of development zones between cities, and the political connections of the top and lower officials also play a role. Location and transportation conditions and land use status are the important factors that affect the location of development zones. On average, the national and provincial development zones increase the per capita GDP of cities by 7.3 percent, and can promote urbanization from the two dimensions of "quantity" and "quality." but there is a great difference between cities. A considerable number of development zones have not led to economic growth and urbanization in the eight key cities. In the average sense, the productivity of enterprises in and around the development zone has been significantly increased by 19.5% and 9.85.The paper verifies that the enhancement effect is realized through the agglomeration economic mechanism of industrial association, shared labor pool and knowledge spillover. At the same time, they have also led to the vitality of the surrounding housing market and the local service market. But in the sample, 30% of the development zones still have negative productivity spillover effects and their consumption spillover effects are not ideal. The scale effect of production activities in these development zones will increase energy consumption and pollution, but some development zones have experienced industrial structure upgrading and accompanied by production technology improvement, which can effectively alleviate this negative externality. This paper suggests that in the process of implementing the location-oriented industrial policy of the development zone, we should accurately grasp the internal economic law of its location and effect, and design a reasonable incentive mechanism to suit the local conditions. Guide the city government to realize the sustainable development of the development zone and the new city new area.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F299.2
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本文编号：1553370