劳动力成本上升与中国制造业空间转移

发布时间：2018-03-23 10:19

本文选题：劳动力成本　切入点：刘易斯拐点　出处：《地理科学》2017年09期

【摘要】：采用中国规模以上工业企业数据,建立面板数据回归模型,研究了劳动力成本上升对制造业空间转移的影响,主要有以下研究结论:(1)劳动力成本提升已成为推动中国制造业空间转移的重要影响因素。2004年以前发达地区相对较高的工资水平并未影响到产业集聚,但是2004年以后较高的工资水平开始推动制造业企业向工资水平较低的地区迁移,但出口型企业与满足国内市场需求的制造业企业体现出了不同的转移路线。(2)2004年以前中国制造业总体上不断向长三角、珠三角以及山东半岛等地区集中,2004年以后制造业开始向沿海相对较为落后的江苏北部、山东中西部以及中国中西部地区迁移,满足国内市场需求的制造业企业是向中西部地区迁移的主体,出口型企业由长三角和珠三角向东部地区的山东半岛和辽东半岛等交通条件较好的地区迁移。(3)东部地区产业升级缓慢。尽管产业向外转移,但东部沿海地区的产业尤其是满足国内市场需求的制造业企业仍然以劳动力驱动为主,资本驱动的特征并不明显。但出口型企业的发展率先表现出了资本驱动的特征。
[Abstract]:Based on the data of industrial enterprises above the scale of China, a panel data regression model is established to study the impact of rising labor costs on the spatial transfer of manufacturing industry. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the increase in labor costs has become an important factor in promoting the spatial transfer of Chinese manufacturing industries. The relatively high wage levels in developed regions did not affect industrial agglomeration before 2004. But since 2004, higher wages have started to drive manufacturing firms to regions where wages are lower. However, export-oriented enterprises and manufacturing enterprises that meet the needs of the domestic market reflect different transfer routes.) before 2004, China's manufacturing industry as a whole continued to move to the Yangtze River Delta. Areas such as the Pearl River Delta and the Shandong Peninsula are concentrated. After 2004, the manufacturing industry began to migrate to the relatively backward coastal areas of northern Jiangsu, central and western Shandong, and central and western China. Manufacturing enterprises that meet the needs of the domestic market are the main parts of the migration to the central and western regions. Export enterprises from the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta to the eastern areas such as Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula, such as the better transportation conditions. But the industry in the eastern coastal area, especially the manufacturing enterprises which meet the domestic market demand, is still dominated by labor force, and the characteristics of capital drive are not obvious. However, the development of export-oriented enterprises is the first to show the characteristics of capital-driven.
【作者单位】：北京大学城市与环境学院/北京大学-林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心;
【基金】：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(41425001) 国家自然科学基金项目(41271130)资助~~
【分类号】：F249.21;F424

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