国民政府时期城市房租标准、纠纷和特点研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 10:39

本文选题：国民政府时期 + 城市　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《汉书·货殖列传》有云:“各安其居而乐其业”。良好而稳定的居住环境作为人类的立足之地、栖身之所,承载着遮风避雨、安养生息等一系列功能。而国民政府时期,战争频繁,政局动荡,灾祸不断,大量的人口涌入城市,由此引起城市住房紧张,房租暴涨,纠纷不断。为稳定社会秩序,政府不断调整房租法规,力图解决人们基本的住房需要,但复杂的时局和多变的社会矛盾,使政府的调整愈加频繁,从而造成了房租标准较为混乱的局面。纵观国民政府时期的房租纠纷,根据产生主体的不同,分为房客减租、欠租引起的纠纷和房东加租、索租及收取额外费用引起的纠纷。这些纠纷极大地影响了市民日常生活及社会的和谐安定,引起社会各界的高度关注,纷纷提出解决的办法。作为弱势一方的房客,主要采取集体商讨对策和诉诸各类团体组织等方式与房东进行博弈,并从道义的角度出发,将房东的不良行为置于不利地位,进而争取广大民众和官方对其的同情和支持;房东在面对房客欠租、减租行为时,主要通过诉诸法院、成立组织并向政府请愿等方式积极应对,并取得了一定的效果。无论房客还是房东,他们都把政府当作其诉求请愿的重要对象,希望政府出台调解纠纷的措施。于是,政府重点从成立专门机构和制定相关法律法规来调解纠纷,规范租赁市场。面对房租纠纷,无论个体还是团体,无论民间还是官方,均做出了许多努力,也取得了些许效果。但因房东与房客不同的经济立场,且处于特殊的社会环境下,故这些措施均未能从根本上解决房租纠纷,只是起到暂时性的调解作用罢了。在国民政府时期这一特定的历史背景下,城市房租具有其独特性。包括受政局影响房租价格波动剧烈、房租征实、按生活费指数计算、押租金额异常高和截租现象时有发生等。虽然这是国民政府时期特殊环境下的产物,但正是由于其复杂性和特殊性,才能够从房租这一方面了解国民政府时期经济、政治包括人民生活的独特视角,对于今天的城市住房保障建设也具有些许的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:There is a saying: "all people live in peace and enjoy their work." The good and stable living environment, as a foothold of human beings, bears a series of functions, such as shelter from wind and rain, rest and recuperation. During the period of the National Government, the war was frequent, the political situation was turbulent, the disaster was unceasing, the massive population poured into the city, thus caused the city housing to be tense, the rent soaring, the dispute incessantly. In order to stabilize the social order, the government constantly adjusts the rent laws and regulations, tries to solve people's basic housing needs, but the complicated situation and the changeable social contradiction, causes the government to adjust more frequently, thus has caused the rent standard to be more chaotic situation. According to the difference of the main body, the rent disputes in the period of the National Government can be divided into the disputes caused by the rent reduction of tenants, the disputes caused by the arrears of rent and the disputes caused by the increase of rent by the landlord, the demand for rent and the collection of extra charges. These disputes have greatly affected people's daily life and social harmony and stability. As one of the most vulnerable parties, the tenants mainly take the means of collective discussion and resort to various groups and organizations to play games with the landlord, and from a moral point of view, the landlord's bad behavior will be placed at a disadvantage. The landlord, in the face of rent arrears, rent reduction, mainly through the court, set up organizations and petition to the government and other ways to actively respond, and achieved certain results. Both tenants and landlords see the government as a key target of their petition, hoping for measures to settle the dispute. Therefore, the government focuses on the establishment of specialized agencies and the establishment of relevant laws and regulations to mediate disputes and regulate the rental market. In the face of rent disputes, both individuals and groups, civil and official, have made a lot of efforts and achieved some results. But because landlords and tenants have different economic positions and are in a special social environment, these measures have failed to fundamentally resolve the rent dispute, but only play a temporary role in mediation. Under the special historical background of the National Government, urban rent has its uniqueness. It includes the violent fluctuation of the rent price influenced by the political situation, the real rent collection, the extraordinarily high amount of the mortgage rent and the phenomenon of cutting off the rent, calculated according to the cost-of-living index, and so on. Although this was the product of a special environment during the period of the National Government, it was precisely because of its complexity and particularity that it was possible to understand the unique perspective of the economy and politics of the period of the National Government, including the life of the people, from the perspective of rent. For today's urban housing security construction also has some reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F299.29;K262.9

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