我国种植业保险发展的成效及问题探讨

发布时间：2018-03-12 14:44

本文选题：种植业保险　切入点：补贴制度　出处：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：种植业是农业的基础,种植业保险是农业保险中最重要的业务类别,也是最具特点的保险业务之一。不同于发达国家运用种植业保险实现国民福利增长的目标,发展中国家开展种植业保险的目的大多局限在分散农业风险,提高农民种田积极性和实现粮食供给安全保障。种植业保险在世界范围内都是最容易获得各级政府财政支持的险种,我国中央财政扶持的政策性种植业保险是从2007年开始试点推广的,迄今种植业保险的保费规模仍然占我国农业保险保费总收入的75%以上。国家大力支持种植业保险的发展,力求尽快建立市场化的种植业风险保障体制,完善农村金融服务体系。2007年以来,种植业保险发展迅速,已经取得了许多成效,保费规模、覆盖面积和保障水平逐年增加,补贴制度更加完善,涉农保险公司的经营效率不断提高,但是发展中也存在不少问题。本文通过研究种植业保险在风险特征、经营制度及技术等方面的特殊性,针对目前种植业保险存在的诸多问题,提出了一系列的政策建议。为了系统研究我国种植业保险的发展成效及问题,笔者分析了国内外相关科研文献和我国近几年来的种植业保险数据,从承保主体、承保能力和政策扶持等方面详细论述了种植业保险发展中已经取得的成绩,也从经营数据和政策落实程度的分析中发现了种植业保险在近几年辉煌发展中存在的一些不足,例如保障水平和补偿能力有待提高、补贴机制设计和落实存在缺陷、损害投保农户利益的事件经常发生等。最后,通过分析数据,发现问题,论文立足于我国种植业保险发展的国情,有针对性地提出了促进我国种植业保险进一步发展的几条政策建议,力求我国的种植业保险能在规模上和质量上都达到世界领先水平。论文共分为五章,各章主要研究内容和主要观点综述如下：第一是导论,主要介绍和分析了本文的选题背景、研究意义,国内外学者的研究现状,论文的研究方法,研究的主要特色和不足。在对国内外文献进行整理的基础上,阐述了种植业保险的性质、发展过程中存在的普遍问题和种植业保险的技术创新。第二章是我国种植业保险的概述和发展成效分析,共分为三小节。第一节是对种植业保险的概述,其中包括了概念、面临的承保风险和补贴产品的类别；第二小节是对种植业保险的经营数据分析,主要从保费规模、承保覆盖面积和补贴程度等方面进行了统计描述。第三小节是种植业保险发展成效分析,主要从保费规模、覆盖面积、保障水平、费率厘定、涉农保险公司的经营、财政补贴绩效评估和特色种植业保险试点等方面总结分析了我国种植业保险的强劲发展势头和已经取得的发展成就。第三章是我国种植业保险存在的问题分析。通过对现阶段发展数据的分析,本文认为我国种植业保险存在的主要问题有：保险覆盖面有限,风险保障水平和对农民的补偿作用有限；保费补贴绩效和补贴机制有待完善；保险公司经营不规范,农民权益保障不足；种植业保险费率厘定不合理；支持种植业保险发展的相关配套政策不完善,监督力度不够等。第四章重点研究了国外种植业保险发展的经验,主要对世界三大种植业保险大国—美国、日本和加拿大的种植业保险特点及发展经验进行了分析总结,以便为我国种植业保险制度完善和经营技术创新提供经营借鉴。研究认为,国外种植业保险发展采取的适度强制投保、多元化的补贴方式和完善的巨灾风险分散体系等值得我国借鉴。第五章是促进我国种植业保险发展的对策建议。本章以第三章的分析论证为基础,结合目前我国种植业保险发展的现实情况和存在的问题,有针对性地提出了促进我国种植业保险进一步发展的对策建议。主要建议包括：提高种植业保险的保障水平,改善保险机构的服务水平和加大保险公司的监督管理,完善补贴制度和相关配套政策,划分合适的风险区和按区域厘定保险费率,加强对财政补贴种植业保险发展的效果评估,建立种植业保险巨灾风险分散转移机制等。论文研究的主要特色和创新之处在于：第一,论文较全面地分析总结了2007年至2013年7年间我国种植业保险的发展成效和问题。目前国内学者在研究政策性种植业保险供给与需求的文献不少,研究地域发展特色和问题的文献也逐渐增多,但是对于种植业保险最新发展成效的分析总结却不多。近几年种植业保险发展迅速,不仅仅在覆盖面积、保障水平等方面每年都有大幅增长,就是国家扶持政策方面变动幅度也非常大。本文以最新数据为基础,从保费规模、覆盖面积、保障水平、费率厘定、涉农保险公司的经营、财政补贴绩效评估和特色种植业保险试点等方面详细阐述了种植业保险的发展成效,具有一定的研究特色。第二,论文在对我国种植业保险保费补贴绩效分析方面,从对农户的影响和保险公司的效率角度,探讨了种植业保险保费补贴绩效的不足。并以此为基础提出了完善财政补贴制度、改进补贴方式的具体建议。第三,以历年颁布的种植业保险发展政策条款为关注点,逐项分析每年政策变更的优缺点和改进方向。特别是在如何提高种植业保险的保障水平方面,论文中提供了二个可行的途径：创新补贴机制以提高保障水平、创新种植业保险产品以提高保障水平。该对策具有一定的创新性和应用价值。
[Abstract]:Planting industry is the foundation of agriculture, crop insurance is the most important agricultural insurance in the business category, is one of the most characteristic of the insurance business. Different from the developed countries to use crop insurance to achieve national welfare growth targets, developing countries planting insurance purposes are limited in the scattered agricultural risk, improve farmers' enthusiasm and implementation of food supply security. Crop insurance in the world are the most readily available at all levels of government financial support of the insurance policy, the central financial support of China's crop insurance is the initial pilot promotion from 2007 so far, crop insurance premium scale is still our country agricultural insurance premiums accounted for more than 75% of total revenue. The state vigorously support the development of crop insurance, and strive to establish a market-oriented farming risk protection system as soon as possible, improve the rural financial service system in.2007 To the development of planting industry insurance rapidly, has made many achievements, the premium scale, coverage and security level increased year by year, the agricultural insurance subsidy system more perfect, the company's operating efficiency continues to improve, but there are also many problems in the development. Through the research on crop insurance risk characteristics, special management system and technology etc. the problems of the planting industry insurance, puts forward a series of policy suggestions.
In order to study the effect of the development of the system of China's crop insurance and problems, the author analyzes the relevant research literature at home and abroad and China's crop insurance data in recent years, from the underwriter, underwriting capacity and policy support and other aspects of detail has been planting insurance development achievements, also from the business data and the implementation of the policy found some deficiencies in the glorious development in recent years in crop insurance level analysis, such as the level of protection and compensation ability needs to be improved, and the implementation of the subsidy mechanism design defects, damage to the interests of the insured farmers happen frequently. Finally, found the problem through the analysis of data, based on the planting industry the development of insurance in our country, puts forward several policy recommendations to promote China's crop insurance for further development, and strive to China's crop insurance in scale And quality to the world's leading level.
The paper is divided into five chapters, and the main contents and main views of each chapter are summarized as follows:
The first is the introduction, mainly introduces and analyzes the research background, research significance, research status at home and abroad, the research methods, the main features of the study and shortcomings. Based on consolidation of domestic and foreign literature, expounds the nature of planting industry insurance, technology innovation and development process of the existence of common problems and crop insurance.
The second chapter is the analysis of development and effectiveness of crop insurance in our country, is divided into three sections. The first section is an overview of crop insurance, including the concept, the underwriting risk and subsidies product categories; the second section is the analysis of the operation data of crop insurance, mainly from the premium scale, insurance the degree of coverage and subsidies and other aspects of the statistical description. The third section is the analysis of the effectiveness of development of planting industry insurance, mainly from the premium scale, coverage, coverage, premium rate, the agricultural insurance company, financial subsidies and performance evaluation of characteristic planting industry insurance pilot, summarizes and analyzes the strong momentum of development of planting industry insurance in China and has achieved success.
The third chapter is the analysis of China's crop insurance problems. Through the analysis of the current development of the data, we believe that the main problem of China's crop insurance also has limited insurance coverage, the risk of security level and compensation for farmers; premium subsidies and subsidies to improve the performance mechanism of insurance company management is not standardized; and the lack of protection of farmers' rights and interests; planting insurance ratemaking unreasonable; support policies for crop insurance development is imperfect, inadequate supervision and so on.
The fourth chapter focuses on the development of foreign insurance industry growing experience, mainly for three of the world's largest planting industry insurance country - America, Japan and Canada, planting insurance characteristics and development experiences are summarized and analyzed, in order to planting insurance system and perfect management of technological innovation management provides reference for our country. Research shows that foreign planting take the appropriate insurance compulsory insurance, subsidies and improve the diversification of catastrophe risk dispersion system worthy of our reference.
The fifth chapter is the countermeasures to promote the planting industry insurance development in China. In this chapter, the third chapter is on the basis of the analysis, combined with the current reality of China's crop insurance development and existing problems, puts forward some suggestions to promote the further development of China's planting insurance. It includes: to improve the security level of crop insurance, insurance agencies to improve the service level and strengthen supervision and management of insurance companies, improve the system of subsidies and related policies, divided the appropriate risk area and according to the regional premium rates, strengthen the assessment of financial subsidies for crop insurance development, the establishment of crop insurance catastrophe risk diversification mechanism.
The main features and innovations of the paper are as follows:
First, this paper comprehensively analyzed from 2007 to 2013 7 years planting insurance development of our country. At present the achievements and problems of domestic scholars in the study of the policy of crop insurance supply and demand a lot of literature, the research of regional development characteristics and problems of the literature has gradually increased, but the analysis for the latest development of planting industry insurance effect the summary is not much. Crop insurance has developed rapidly in recent years, not only in the coverage area, there are substantial growth in security level, every year, is the national support policy change is also very large. This paper is based on the latest data from the premium scale, coverage, security level, premium rate, agricultural insurance the company's operating performance evaluation, financial subsidies and characteristic planting industry insurance pilot illustrates the effectiveness of development of planting industry insurance, research has certain characteristics.
Second, in the paper on China's crop insurance premium subsidies performance analysis, from the perspective of efficiency of farmers and insurance companies, discusses the problems of planting industry insurance premium subsidies performance. And on this basis put forward to improve the fiscal subsidy system, detailed suggestions for improving the way of subsidies.
Third, by planting insurance terms over the development policy promulgated as a focus, item analysis direction and shortcoming of annual policy change. Especially in how to improve the security level of crop insurance, this paper provides two feasible ways: innovation subsidy mechanism to improve the security level, the innovation of crop insurance to improve the level of protection. The strategy has certain innovation and application value.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.66

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