我国养老保险对家庭消费支出的影响

发布时间：2018-05-03 17:49

本文选题：基本养老保险 + 商业养老保险　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自改革开放以来,中国经济经历长足的快速发展,但是国内消费水平一直相对低迷,其中家庭高储蓄率和人口老龄化是制约我国消费水平提高的两大因素,其中养老保险制度如何提升国内居民特别是中老年人家庭的当期消费水平是本文所关注的问题。本文首先梳理了中外文献得到养老保险影响家庭消费支出的三种结果,之后总结了影响消费水平的主要理论基础,根据文献梳理和理论基础,提出了基本养老保险和商业养老保险如何影响中国家庭消费支出这个问题。本文结合中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)中的2011、2013年相关数据,选择户主或者配偶45岁以上的家庭作为基本单位,以家庭的食品消费、日常消费、衣着消费、医疗消费支出——四项消费支出为被解释变量,以是否参加养老保险为主要解释变量,考察是否参加基本养老保险或商业养老保险对四项家庭消费支出的影响。本文研究发现,参加基本养老保险对食品和医疗消费支出有显著的正向促进作用,对日常和衣着消费支出的影响不显著。然后本文以农村户口和城镇户口为分类依据,发现参加基本养老保险对农村家庭的食品消费支出有正向促进作用,对城镇家庭的医疗消费支出有正向促进作用。在已经参加基本养老保险的样本中,正在领取基本养老金对四种消费细项支出食品、日常、衣着、医疗四项消费支出的影响都不显著。过去一年收入在1001-9999元的中低收入家庭参加养老保险对食品和医疗消费支出具有显著的正向促进作用。接下来研究发现,参加商业养老保险对医疗和日常消费支出有显著的正向促进作用,对农村地区家庭的日常和医疗消费支出正向影响显著,对城镇地区家庭的衣着消费支出正向影响显著。上述研究成果彰显现阶段养老保险制度存在三个主要问题:一是保障水平亟待提高,二是城乡差别需要缩小,三是商业养老保险需要进一步推广。最后本文就上述三个主要问题提出政策建议,应推动养老保险制度的全国统一,实现养老保险种类的多样化,同时切实发挥商业养老保险的重要补充作用。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has experienced considerable and rapid development, but the domestic consumption level has been relatively low. Among them, the high household savings rate and the aging population are the two major factors restricting the improvement of our consumption level. How to improve the current consumption level of the Chinese residents, especially the middle-aged families is the problem that this article pays close attention to. This article first combs the Chinese and foreign literature obtains three kinds of results which the pension insurance affects the household consumption expenditure, then summarizes the main theoretical basis of influencing the consumption level, according to the literature combing and the theoretical basis. This paper puts forward how basic old-age insurance and commercial old-age insurance affect Chinese household consumption expenditure. Based on the data of CHARLS in 2011 and 2013, this paper selects households who are heads of household or spouses over 45 years of age as the basic units, taking household food consumption, daily consumption, clothing consumption as the basic unit. Medical consumption Expenditure-four items of consumption expenditure are explained variables, taking whether to participate in old-age insurance as the main explanatory variable, to examine whether to participate in basic old-age insurance or commercial old-age insurance on the four items of household consumption expenditure. In this paper, it is found that participation in basic old-age insurance has a significant positive effect on food and medical expenditure, but not on daily and clothing consumption expenditure. Then based on the classification of rural household registration and urban household registration, it is found that participation in basic old-age insurance has a positive effect on the food consumption expenditure of rural households, and on the medical consumption expenditure of urban households. In the sample that has already participated in basic old-age insurance, the effect of receiving basic pension on four kinds of consumptive items such as food, daily, clothing and medical treatment is not significant. Pension insurance for low- and middle-income families with incomes of 1001-9999 yuan in the past year has a significant positive impact on spending on food and health care. Then the study found that participation in commercial old-age insurance has a significant positive impact on medical care and daily consumption expenditure, and on household daily and medical consumption expenditure in rural areas. It has a positive impact on household clothing consumption in urban areas. The above research results show that there are three main problems in the current old-age insurance system: first, the level of security needs to be improved; second, the gap between urban and rural areas needs to be narrowed; third, commercial old-age insurance needs to be further promoted. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the above three main problems, which should promote the national unification of the old-age insurance system, realize the diversification of the types of the old-age insurance, and give full play to the important supplementary role of the commercial old-age insurance at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F842.67;F126.1

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