责任保险在我国企业大规模侵权风险管理中的运用

发布时间：2018-06-28 16:04

本文选题：责任保险 + 大规模侵权风险　；参考：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,便随着科学技术进步,生产和消费日趋大规模化,在经济利益的刺激下,违法违规生产经营与新科技不确定性等带来的食品安全、环境污染、重大突发事故等领域的大规模侵权事故不断增多,逐渐成为民众和舆论关注的焦点。大规模侵权具有受害者人数众多、损失范围和损失程度大、因果联系错综复杂等特征,极易对社会秩序产生较大的冲击,因此受到了越来越多的关注。责任保险作为一种重要的风险管理是手段,能够在较大的范围内分散风险,促进风险行为人加强风险控制,降低风险事故损失,保障投保人和受害者的利益,并有利于社会的和谐稳定。然而我国责任保险在大规模侵权风险管理中的运用程度十分的低。这是由于我国法律制度不健全与执法不严,使得我国责任保险发展缺乏坚实的法律基础；公民维权难与维权意识不强,使得我国责任保险发展缺乏良好的社会环境；大规模侵权的外部性特点使得市场机制下责任保险有效供给和有效需求不足。为此,许多学者和政务工作者纷纷呼吁推广强制责任保险。通过对政府、保险企业、风险行为人和受害人四方主体利益间的博弈分析,可以发现大规模的侵权风险发生频率高、损失程度较大、责任保险市场供求不足、常需要政府花费较高事故处理成本的风险领域较适合引入强制保险模式。政府如果站在维护自身利益和受害者利益的角度,更倾向于选择最大程度的保障水平。然而,政府也需要考虑强制责任保险供求双方的诉求。完善我国大规模侵权风险管理机制,需要发挥责任保险在风险损失补偿和风险防范控制中的作用,以更好地降低风险事故发生概率和损失程度,维护各方利益,促进社会的和谐稳定。本文共分为七个部分。第一部分为导论,主要介绍研究主题提出的背景和研究意义以及论文的主要创新点与不足。第二部分为文献综述,从大规模侵权风险管理和责任保险的运用两个方面总结了国内外学者相关的研究成果。第三部分,分析了我国大规模侵权风险管理的现状,对大规模侵权风险及其特征、成因进行了介绍,并对我国大规模侵权风险管理的现状进行了分析。第四部分,分析了我国责任保险在大规模侵权风险管理中运用的现状,对责任保险具有的作用、运用现状和发展环境基础进行分析的基础上,运用经济学原理对其运用不足的原因进行了分析。第五部分,从不计免赔和带有免赔额两类强制责任保险的引入边界分析入手,分析了引入强制责任保险的标准、我国强制责任保险模式的选择问题,并提出了需要注意的问题。第六部分,通过构建我国企业大规模侵权事故四级补偿机制和风险预防控制机制,探讨责任保险在该机制中的运用问题。最后一部分是对文章的总结和对未来研究的展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the progress of science and technology, the scale of production and consumption has become larger and larger. Under the stimulus of economic benefits, the food safety and environmental pollution brought about by illegal production and operation and uncertainty of new science and technology, Large-scale tort accidents in the field of major accidents and other fields are increasing and gradually become the focus of attention of the public and public opinion. Large-scale tort has the characteristics of numerous victims, large loss range and loss degree, complicated causality and so on. It is easy to have a great impact on the social order, so it has been paid more and more attention. As an important means of risk management, liability insurance can spread the risk in a large scope, promote the risk doer to strengthen the risk control, reduce the risk accident loss, and protect the interests of the policy holder and the victim. And conducive to social harmony and stability. However, the application of liability insurance in large-scale tort risk management is very low. This is because our country's legal system is not perfect and the law enforcement is not strict, which makes the development of our liability insurance lack a solid legal foundation, the citizens' rights protection is difficult and the awareness of protecting rights is not strong, which makes the development of our liability insurance lack of a good social environment. The externality of mass infringement makes the effective supply and effective demand of liability insurance insufficient under the market mechanism. To this end, many scholars and government officials have called for the promotion of compulsory liability insurance. Through the game analysis between the government, insurance enterprises, risk doers and victims, we can find that the large-scale tort risk occurs frequently, the loss degree is large, and the supply and demand of liability insurance market is insufficient. The risk area which often requires the government to spend higher accident treatment cost is more suitable to introduce the compulsory insurance model. The government is more inclined to choose the maximum level of protection if it stands to safeguard its own interests and victims' interests. However, the government also needs to consider the demands of both supply and demand for compulsory liability insurance. In order to improve the risk management mechanism of large-scale tort in China, it is necessary to give full play to the role of liability insurance in risk loss compensation and risk prevention and control, so as to better reduce the probability and degree of risk accidents and safeguard the interests of all parties. Promote social harmony and stability. This paper is divided into seven parts. The first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the background and significance of the research topic, as well as the main innovation points and shortcomings of the paper. The second part is the literature review, from the large-scale tort risk management and the application of liability insurance summarized the domestic and foreign scholars related research results. The third part analyzes the current situation of large-scale tort risk management in China, introduces the characteristics and causes of large-scale tort risk, and analyzes the current situation of large-scale tort risk management in China. The fourth part analyzes the application of liability insurance in large-scale tort risk management, the role of liability insurance, the application of the status quo and the development of the environmental basis of analysis. This paper analyzes the reasons for its lack of application by using the principles of economics. The fifth part, from the introduction boundary analysis of two kinds of compulsory liability insurance without deductible and with deductible amount, analyzes the standard of introducing compulsory liability insurance, the choice of compulsory liability insurance mode in our country, and puts forward some problems needing attention. The sixth part discusses the application of liability insurance in this mechanism by constructing the four-level compensation mechanism and risk prevention and control mechanism. The last part is the summary of the article and the prospect of future research.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F842.3

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