城镇化进程中农民工职业病风险保险保障机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 21:55

【摘要】：我国经过改革开放35年来的高速发展，经济总量一跃成为世界第二，而成就的背后有不容忽视的、为我国经济发展做出巨大贡献的一群人——农民工。从上世纪八十年代起，伴随国有企业用工制度改革，民企、外企及乡镇企业发展壮大，城镇化趋势明显，在这过程中促使农民大量进城务工经商，农业劳动力转化为非农业劳动力，进而成为我国产业工人的大军。特别是在那些脏累差的一线岗位上，基本上是临时雇佣的农民工在干活。他们的劳动保护知识少，风险防护意识低；但是他们的劳动强度大，劳动时间长，这些都增加了他们患职业病的风险。鉴于职业病起因复杂，潜伏期长，对身体伤害具有累积性和持续性等特殊性质，农民工很难及时发现并治愈职业病。加之，他们的劳动报酬少，法律知识少，社会保障少，这更降低了他们认知与防御职业病风险的能力；农民工的双栖性、劳动关系不固定性、大量的流动性，更加阻碍了他们的维权之路。农民工大多是家庭的主要劳动力，而治疗职业病的周期长达数年之久，治疗费用也是一笔大数目，，这些都严重影响了农民工家庭的正常生活。时下的中国正处于市场转型的关键时期，在这个擅变过渡时期，许多社会问题层出不穷。加上2008年的金融危机使劳动力市场供大于求，农民工的弱势地位明显，自我防护意识淡薄，社会制度建设的不完善，导致职业病风险发生频率、农民工发病人数和社会影响日益增加，使得城镇化进程中农民工职业病风险成为非常严重的社会问题之一。在城镇化的背景下，基于农民工群体和职业病风险的双重特殊性，本文针对当前我国城镇化进程中农民工所面临的职业病风险和亟需的保险保障机制，从法律、社会保险、商业雇主责任保险等角度进行问题分析，并研究提出相应的改善建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of reform and opening up for 35 years, the total economic volume of our country has become the second largest in the world, and behind the achievements, there are a group of people who have made great contributions to the economic development of our country-migrant workers. Since the 1980s, with the reform of the employment system in state-owned enterprises, the development of private enterprises, foreign enterprises and township enterprises, the trend of urbanization has been obvious. The agricultural labor force transforms into the non-agricultural labor force, and then becomes the industrial worker's army of our country. Especially in those dirty-tired front-line posts, basically temporary employment of migrant workers in the work. They have little knowledge of labor protection and low awareness of risk protection, but their labor intensity and long working hours increase their risk of occupational disease. In view of the complex causes of occupational diseases, long incubation period, cumulative and persistent damage to the body and other special properties, it is difficult for migrant workers to find and cure occupational diseases in time. In addition, they have less remuneration, less legal knowledge, and less social security, which further reduces their ability to recognize and defend against occupational disease risks; the dual nature of migrant workers, the irregular nature of labor relations, and a large amount of mobility, Even more obstructed their rights to the road. Migrant workers are mostly the main labor force of the family, and the cycle of occupational disease treatment for several years, treatment cost is also a large number, these have seriously affected the normal life of migrant workers families. China is now in the crucial period of market transition, in which many social problems emerge. In addition, the financial crisis of 2008 caused the labor market to oversupply, the weak position of migrant workers was obvious, the consciousness of self-protection was weak, and the construction of social system was not perfect, which led to the frequency of occupational disease risk. The increasing incidence and social impact of migrant workers make the occupational disease risk of migrant workers become one of the most serious social problems in the process of urbanization. Under the background of urbanization, based on the dual particularity of migrant workers' group and occupational disease risk, this paper aims at the occupational disease risk faced by migrant workers in the process of urbanization in our country and the much-needed insurance protection mechanism, from the legal, social insurance, Commercial employer liability insurance and other aspects of the problem analysis, and research and put forward corresponding suggestions for improvement.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F323.89;F842.6

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