苏州市农业保险财政补贴模式优化研究

发布时间：2019-05-15 13:10

【摘要】：农业是一个特殊的产业,一方面它在整个国民经济中发挥着基础性作用,为人类生存发展提供日常生活所需的物质资源,为国民经济其他部门提供物质原料,是整个社会维持再生产和持续发展的基础资源；另一方面,农业生产也面临着很多风险,特别是自然灾害的发生,严重威胁着农业的可持续发展。面对多发的农业自然灾害,在农业生产者自身抵御能力有限的情况下,农业保险作为一个化解农业风险的有效工具,其有效作用正日益体现。在发达国家,农业保险工作起步比较早,运作体系也相对完善,不但在稳定农业生产、保障农民收入等方面发挥了很大作用,而且在增进整个社会福利方面,也有非常好的效果。我国的农业保险工作起步较晚,一个重要的原因是先期的农业保险政府支持不足。农业保险自身的性质,决定了其必须是-种政策性保险,通过过去多年的实践经验,完全商业化经营的道路很难走通,政府提供财政补贴是其持续发展的必要条件。近年来,农业保险的财政补贴问题也得到社会的普遍关注,财政部门也在优化补贴模式、提高资金效率等方便做了很多努力和尝试,但至今尚未形成一套科学稳定的补贴机制,国家也没有出台相关法律进行保障。在这种背景下,财政如何对农业保险进行补贴,探索出一个适合本地区的农业保险财政补贴模式,对推动我国农业保险和整个农业产业的健康发展,有着重要意义。本文首先阐述了农业保险、政策性农业保险的相关理论,界定了农业保险和政策性农业保险的相关概念,对其差异性进行了比较。分析了农业保险市场失灵的原因,从多个角度分析了政府财政补贴农业保险的原因,为农业保险的财政补贴提供理论依据。从不同领域阐述了政府对农业保险提供补贴的原理,对政府补贴农业保险的必要性进行了分析。结合我国多年来农业保险的开展情况,详细介绍了苏州市农业保险的实施情况,具体分析了取得的成效和存在的问题。文章还介绍了国外占主导地位的几种农业保险财政补贴模式,对异类模式进行了比较,总结了值得借鉴的经验和对我国的启示。通过层次分析法计算模型,对优化农业保险财政补贴模式进行了设计。在设计优化农业保险财政补贴模式的基础上,文章重点分析了农业保险财政补贴模式优化的运行环境,提出有针对性的建议和对策。最后,对全文进行了总结,并展望了我国农业保险财政补贴模式的发展方向。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is a special industry. On the one hand, it plays a basic role in the whole national economy, providing the material resources needed for human survival and development, and providing material raw materials for other departments of the national economy. It is the basic resource for the whole society to maintain reproduction and sustainable development. On the other hand, agricultural production is also facing many risks, especially the occurrence of natural disasters, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of agriculture. In the face of frequent agricultural natural disasters, agricultural insurance, as an effective tool to resolve agricultural risks, is increasingly reflected in the case of limited resilience of agricultural producers themselves. In developed countries, agricultural insurance work started relatively early and the operation system is relatively perfect. It has not only played a great role in stabilizing agricultural production and ensuring farmers' income, but also in promoting social welfare as a whole. It also has a very good effect. The agricultural insurance work in China started late, one of the important reasons is the lack of support from the agricultural insurance government. The nature of agricultural insurance itself determines that it must be a kind of policy insurance. Through the practical experience of many years in the past, the road of complete commercial operation is very difficult to get through, and the government to provide financial subsidies is a necessary condition for its sustainable development. In recent years, the financial subsidy of agricultural insurance has also been paid more and more attention by the society, and the financial department has also made a lot of efforts and attempts to optimize the subsidy model and improve the efficiency of funds, but so far, it has not yet formed a set of scientific and stable subsidy mechanism. The state has also not issued relevant laws to guarantee. In this context, how to subsidize agricultural insurance and explore a suitable financial subsidy model for agricultural insurance is of great significance to promote the healthy development of agricultural insurance and the whole agricultural industry in China. This paper first expounds the relevant theories of agricultural insurance and policy-oriented agricultural insurance, defines the related concepts of agricultural insurance and policy-oriented agricultural insurance, and compares their differences. This paper analyzes on the causes of the failure of the agricultural insurance market, and analyzes on the causes of the government's financial subsidy for the agricultural insurance from many angles, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the financial subsidy of the agricultural insurance. This paper expounds the principle of government subsidy to agricultural insurance from different fields, and analyzes on the necessity of government subsidy for agricultural insurance. Combined with the development of agricultural insurance in China for many years, this paper introduces in detail the implementation of agricultural insurance in Suzhou, and analyzes the achievements and existing problems in detail. This paper also introduces several kinds of agricultural insurance financial subsidy models which dominate abroad, compares the heterogeneous models, and sums up the experiences that are worth drawing lessons from and the enlightenment to our country. Through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) calculation model, the optimization of agricultural insurance financial subsidy model is designed. On the basis of designing and optimizing the financial subsidy mode of agricultural insurance, this paper focuses on the analysis of the operating environment of the optimized mode of agricultural insurance financial subsidy, and puts forward some targeted suggestions and countermeasures. Finally, the full text is summarized, and the development direction of agricultural insurance financial subsidy model in China is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F842.66

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