我国“复合集约型”老年住区的建构与设计研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 13:36

【摘要】：文章从由人口老龄化产生的“老年人居住及照护问题”的宏观背景,到现阶段我国养老模式重点发展对象(新趋势)——“社区养老”的中观背景,再到由房地产拐点所引起的兴建“老年住区热”的微观背景三个层面对本课题的研究背景进行论述。通过对国内外老年住区在理论和实践上的研究综述,并在对我国已开发老年住区调研、分析、归纳的基础上,对我国老年住区的发展程度和存在问题深入思考,从“利于市场开发”、“利于中国老人居住”、“让更多老人受益”三个基本立足点出发,提出一种新型老年住区——“复合集约型”老年住区。 “复合集约型”老年住区是指在住区各要素的内容构成上复合、配比利用上集约的一种适合于我国发展的新型老年住区。“复合”主要表现在人口结构的复合(年龄、健康程度、经济状况、文化水平)、产权的复合(销售与出租)、养老居住功能的复合(自理、介助、介护)、产业链各要素的复合(居住设施与配套设施)、软件与硬件的复合(服务管理与规划设计)；“集约”主要表现在设施功能种类及配置比例的优化、老年人资源的充分利用、服务资源(包括设施与服务管理人员)的充分利用、住区空间结构的优化。结合国外的情况,其可简单表述为：(美国"CCRC与AAC"模式+日本“混住”模式)×集约化利用。文章主要从“复合集约型”老年住区的策划建构与设计表达两方面具体展开分析论述。首先,从建筑策划的角度,通过对用地属性、区位选址、客群定位、规模控制、服务管理模式和运营模式六个层面的分析研究,结合“复合集约”特征要求以及老年人生理、心理、行为等特殊需求,构建出“复合集约型”老年住区这一产品模型、居住模式,为后续规划设计编制一个“任务书”；其次,按照这个“任务书”的要求,用图示的语言去表达建构出的、看不见摸不着的抽象概念,对“复合集约型”老年住区的功能构成、组织布局与空间设计进行分析论述,并在此基础上绘制出“复合集约型”老年住区的居住生活模型的总体概念模式图及主要技术经济指标；最后,在辽宁沈阳地区选一实际地块做了一个模拟的示范项目——“栖健长乐邦”生活体,以此作为对“复合集约型”老年住区这一居住生活模型的具体化表达与验证。文章最后对“复合集约型”老年住区这种产品模型、居住模式的复制延展问题进行探讨；同时,以老年住区作为出发点,在更为宏观的层面对我国未来养老居住及照护问题做出展望。
[Abstract]:From the macro background of "the elderly living and caring for the elderly" produced by the aging population, to the middle background of the key developing object (new trend) of the old-age support mode in China at present, that is, "community old-age care". Then it discusses the background of the research on this subject from three aspects: the micro background of the building of "the old residential area" caused by the inflection point of real estate. Based on the theoretical and practical research of the old residential area at home and abroad, and on the basis of the investigation, analysis and induction of the developed old residential area in our country, the author thinks deeply about the development degree and the existing problems of the old residential area in our country. Starting from the three basic footholds of "favorable market development", "good for the elderly to live in China" and "making more elderly people benefit", this paper puts forward a new type of old residential district-"compound intensive" old residential area. "compound intensive" old residential area is a new type of old residential area suitable for the development of our country. "compound" is mainly manifested in the composition of population structure (age, health degree, economic condition, education level), the compound of property rights (sales and rental), the compound of living function of the aged (self-care, referral and protection), The combination of various elements of industrial chain (living facilities and supporting facilities), software and hardware (service management and planning and design); "intensive" is mainly manifested in the optimization of the types of facilities function and the proportion of allocation, the full utilization of elderly resources, the full utilization of service resources (including facilities and service managers), and the optimization of the spatial structure of residential areas. Combined with the situation abroad, it can be simply expressed as: (American "CCRC and AAC" model, Japan "mixed" mode) 脳 intensive utilization. This paper mainly discusses the planning construction and design expression of compound intensive old residential area. First of all, from the angle of architectural planning, through the analysis and research of land use attribute, location, customer group location, scale control, service management model and operation mode, combined with the characteristics of "compound intensive" and the physiology of the elderly, Psychological, behavioral and other special needs, this product model of "compound intensive" old residential area, housing mode, for the subsequent planning and design of a "taskbook"; Secondly, according to the requirements of the "task book", the abstract concept constructed by the graphical language is expressed, and the function composition, organization layout and space design of the "compound intensive" old residential area are analyzed and discussed. On this basis, the overall concept model map and main technical and economic indexes of the "compound intensive" living model of the old people are drawn. Finally, a practical plot of land in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, was chosen to make a simulated demonstration project, "Qijian Changle Bang", as a concrete expression and verification of the living model of "compound intensive" old residential area. Finally, the paper discusses the product model of "compound intensive" old residential area and the problem of replicating and extending the living mode. At the same time, taking the old residential area as the starting point, the future pension housing and care problems in China are prospected at the macro level.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.12

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