基于资源型城市经济转型的服务外包产业发展研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 12:08

本文选题：服务外包产业　切入点：资源型城市　出处：《哈尔滨商业大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前全国有118座资源型城市,其中69个城市被国务院认定为资源枯竭城市。党中央和国务院高度重视资源枯竭城市的转型问题,在“十七大”就明确提出加快资源型城市转型。利用服务外包产业,建设现代产业体系,从而推动产业升级和城市转型。这一思路的提出对于资源型城市制定区域中长期发展规划、转变经济发展方式、建立环境友好型和资源节约型社会、制定全国服务外包发展战略与政策都有重要的理论价值和现实意义。服务外包就是指企业从全球价值链治理角度,结合信息、通讯和高技术应用,将原来由内部完成的服务活动交予外部企业执行的过程。从服务外包的实现形式上,既可以通过服务产品的跨境交易,也可以通过自然人流动实现服务交易。资源产业发展的服务外包业务属于垂直行业领域的知识流程外包业,其具有技术密集、知识产权承载、国际化运营的特点,处于价值链的高端。资源城市发展工程技术服务外包产业,把自然资源输出为主的发展模式,转化为社会资源如知识、技术、信息、管理、文化为主的输出模式。这种路径选择,既符合区域主导产业的发展方向,有助于提高优势支柱产业的核心竞争力,又能够推动区域产业结构升级,形成新的经济增长点。从要素投入结构上,实现了人力资本积累的内生型增长；从产业组织方式上,加深了专业化分工程度,形成产业集群；从区域空间结构上完善了城市功能,增强了集聚和辐射能力。论文选取了全球18个主要服务外包承接地国家,利用1998至2008年间的统计数据,采用面板数据模型对服务外包产业影响因素进行实证分析。实证分析的结果显示国内生产总值、国内资本形成总额、高技术产品出口额、服务贸易占GDP比例和私营部门国内贷款额占GDP比例等因素对服务外包产业影响较显著。从典型国家的发展实践看,服务外包产业成为了推动经济结构调整和新一轮产业转移的动力。政府在产业发展初期采取了大量的扶持政策,在物理空间上设立服务外包产业园区,在政策体系上配套各种优惠措施,在制度环境上加强知识产权保护、完善相关法律规范。从微观层面看,企业依托外包经验和品牌效应,业务领域越来越多样化,嵌入垂直行业的知识流程外包业呈现强劲的增长趋势。从中观层面看,服务外包产业在空间上表现出极强的集聚性,企业间的委托代理链条不断延长,生产的迂回程度逐渐加深,出现了行业协会等中介组织。城市也因服务外包产业的聚集发展,塑造了新的城市品牌形象,转变了经济发展方式。资源城市普遍存在产业结构单一、发展不协调；吸引资金能力差、自我积累不足；人力资本结构不合理、人才流失严重；机制体制僵化、创新能力弱：城市环境差、社会问题较多等共性问题。同时,各个资源城市的区位条件和综合发展水平差异性较大。地区中要素的流动性不同、技术体系的复杂程度不同、信息化水平不同、企业高技术应用和创新能力不同、产业发展水平和所处阶段不同,这些都决定了资源城市发展服务外包业,特别是工程技术服务外包业,必须根据城市的比较优势和产业的技术特征来差异化地选择发展道路。论文选取了47个资源型地级市的13个指标,对城市2005年至2009年的发展水平进行综合评估。采用变异系数法来确定各个指标权重,然后通过各城市得分进行排序,判断各城市发展的相对水平。在此结果上,提出综合实力较强的资源型城市应不断推进以服务外包产业为主导的现代产业体系的建设,优化地区的产业结构和劳动力就业结构。在技术体系复杂的石油产业和冶金产业所在城市,以现代化方式改造传统产业,大力发展生产性服务外包业,形成某一领域的现代服务业高地。在地处偏远、产业技术层次低下、劳动力剩余严重的资源城市中,应以增强企业的活力为转型的重点,鼓励企业在区外开采资源,异地搬迁资源企业。通过资源产业的价值链分解,本文提出资源企业培育服务外包项目的三种类型：一是基于专业工程技术的服务外包业务；二是基于高新技术应用的服务外包业务；三是基于共性业务流程的服务外包业务。服务外包的开发与运营是一个系统的工程,必须对企业发展外包项目的内外部因素进行综合评价。本文设计了服务流程成熟度评价指标体系,采用层次分析法通过调查问卷的形式确定了各评价指标的权重。采用模糊综合评价法通过专家咨询的方式,对资源企业发展服务外包项目的能力进行评价。论文在此基础上进一步阐述了企业运作服务外包项目和管理服务外包风险的具体策略。由于服务外包产业是新兴产业,尤其在资源型城市中刚刚起步,亟需政府采取相应的政策措施进行扶持。不断加强城市管理,改善生态环境,配套优惠政策,制定招商引资策略,建设公共信息平台,全面推进服务外包产业发展规划的实施。大庆市被国务院批准为中国服务外包示范城市,已经初步形成了以石油工程技术服务为主导、信息技术服务和专业服务为两翼的服务外包发展格局。大庆油田企业坚定不移的实施“走出去”战略,在外向型发展过程中,用科技创新提升竞争力,用产业链集成优势扩大市场空间,为资源企业开发外部市场树立了样板。
[Abstract]:At present there are 118 resource-based city, the 69 city by the State Council as resource exhausted city. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the transformation of resources exhausted city, in the "17" clearly put forward to accelerate the transformation of resource-based city. The use of the service outsourcing industry, the construction of a modern industrial system, to promote industrial upgrading and transformation of the city this idea for the resource-based city to develop regional long-term development plan, change the mode of economic development, the establishment of environment-friendly and resource-saving society, the formulation of national service outsourcing development strategy and policy has important theoretical value and practical significance.
Service outsourcing is refers to the enterprise with information from the perspective of global value chain governance, communications and high technology applications, will be completed by the original internal service activities to external enterprise implementation process. From the form of service outsourcing, either through cross-border transaction services products, can also be through the movement of natural persons to realize service transactions. The development of resource industry service outsourcing belongs to the field of vertical industry knowledge process outsourcing industry, which is technology intensive, intellectual property bearing, characteristics of international operations, in the value chain.
The development of engineering technology service outsourcing industry resources in the city, the development mode of natural resources export, into social resources such as knowledge, technology, information, management, output mode culture. This is consistent with the path choice of regional leading industry development, help to improve the core competitiveness of the pillar industries, and to promote the regional industrial structure upgrading, the formation of a new economic growth point. From the input structure, the realization of human capital accumulation endogenous growth; from the industrial organization, enhance the degree of specialization, the formation of industrial clusters; regional spatial structure from the perfect city function, enhance the ability of the agglomeration and radiation. Selected countries to undertake 18 major global service outsourcing, according to the statistical data of 1998 to 2008 years, the panel data model to do empirical research on Influencing Factors of service outsourcing industry The results of empirical analysis show that factors such as gross domestic product, gross domestic capital formation, exports of high-tech products, GDP ratio of service trade and GDP ratio of private sector account for a significant impact on service outsourcing industry.
From the development practice of typical countries, service outsourcing industry has become to promote economic restructuring and a new round of industrial transfer of power. The government has taken a lot of policy support in the early development of the industry, the establishment of the service outsourcing industry park in the physical space, the policy system with various preferential measures to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights in the system the environment, improve the relevant laws and regulations. From the microcosmic perspective, enterprises rely on outsourcing experience and brand business more and more diversified, showed strong growth trend of the embedded vertical industry knowledge process outsourcing industry. From the middle level, the service outsourcing industry in space showed strong agglomeration, principal agent chain enterprises the increasing circuitous degree of the production gradually deepened, the industry associations and other intermediary organizations. The city is also gathered in the development of service outsourcing industry, and create a new The city brand image has changed the way of economic development.
Resource city common single industrial structure, coordinated development; attract capital ability is poor, lack of self accumulation; human capital structure is not reasonable, the brain drain is serious; the mechanism of rigid system, weak innovation ability: city environment, social problems and other common problems. At the same time, the differences between the various resources city location and comprehensive development level great. Different liquidity in elements of the complexity of the technology system, informatization level, high technology application and innovation ability of enterprises, the level of industrial development and the stage is not the same, these are decided by the development of service outsourcing industry, especially the city resources, engineering services outsourcing industry, must be based on technical features the city's comparative advantage and industry to differentiate to choose the path of development. This paper selects 13 indexes of 47 resource-based cities, the city from 2005 to 2009 A comprehensive assessment of the level of development. To determine the weight of each index by using variation coefficient method, and then through the city score ranking, to determine the relative level of each city development. Based on these results, put forward the construction of strong resources city comprehensive strength should continue to promote the modern industrial system in service outsourcing industry as the leading, optimize the industrial structure and the employment structure of the region. In the complex technical system of petroleum industry and metallurgical industry in the city, the transformation of traditional industries to modern mode, vigorously develop the productive service outsourcing industry, the formation of a field of modern service industry in the highlands. The remoteness of the level of industrial technology is low, serious surplus labor resources in the city should be. In order to enhance the vitality of enterprises is the key transition, encourage enterprises to the exploitation of resources in the area, relocation resource of enterprises.
Through the value chain resources industry decomposition, this paper proposes three types of resources of enterprises service outsourcing projects: one is the professional engineering service outsourcing business based on; two is the high-tech application service outsourcing based on business process; three is a common service outsourcing business. Based on the development and operation of service outsourcing is a system engineering, must be the internal and external factors to the development of enterprise outsourcing project comprehensive evaluation. This paper designs the service process maturity evaluation index system, using AHP through questionnaires to determine the weight of each index through expert consultation. Using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, evaluation of the development of service outsourcing projects resource of the enterprise. The thesis further expounds the specific strategy of enterprise operation service outsourcing and service outsourcing risk management Slightly.
Because of the service outsourcing industry is an emerging industry, especially just started in Resource-based City, it needs the government to adopt corresponding policies and measures to support. Continue to strengthen city management, improve the ecological environment, supporting policies, formulation of investment strategy, the construction of public information platform, promoting the implementation of planning for the development of service outsourcing industry of Daqing city. Approved by the State Council for the China service outsourcing demonstration city, has initially formed the petroleum engineering technical service oriented, information technology and professional services for the service outsourcing development pattern on both sides. The implementation of the "Daqing oilfield enterprises will go out" strategy in export-oriented development process, enhance the competitiveness of technological innovation, industrial chain integration the advantage of expanding market space, set a model for market development resource of enterprises.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F719;F299.2;F224

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