中国农村社区养老服务供给与需求研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 19:38

本文选题：农村 + 社区养老服务　；参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自20世纪90年代以来,我国的老龄化程度不断加深,根据第六次人口普查数据显示我国60岁及以上的老龄人口已经达到1.78亿人,占到了总人口的13.26%,截至2015年底,全国60岁以上的老年人口占总人口的16.1%,老龄化已成为我国的基本国情。我国老龄化的特征之一就是农村老年人多,不断外流的年轻劳动人削弱了传统家庭养老的作用,农村的老年抚养比率在逐年增高,农村养老问题越发凸显。一方面,社区作为老年人生活网络的主体应当承担越来越多的养老服务的责任,但是另一方面,农村的经济发展相对落后致使其在养老医疗保障水平、社会养老服务水平上和城市地区存在一定的差距,农村社区养老服务可能存在一些不足。基于此,本文结合供给和需求两个视角来研究中国农村老年人的社区养老服务。首先,通过文献梳理以及对相关数据的整理了解了农村社区养老服务的供给和需求现状,分析农村社区养老服务供给率和需求率以及供给利用率和需求满足率,并对东中西部在不同社区养老服务的供给与需求匹配情况进行了对比分析。分析发现农村的某些养老服务供给情况并不理想而农村老人对社区养老服务的需求则普遍较高,在具体的社区养老服务项目上老年人的需求情况也有所差别,老年人对健康医疗服务和精神慰藉服务的需求较高;农村社区养老服务的供给和需求情况存在一定的地域性差异,就服务供给情况来看,东部地区明显好于中部和西部地区。其次,运用logit模型研究了影响农村老人社区养老服务需求的影响因素,包括了个人、家庭、经济、身体和心理等多个方面的因素,这些因素对于具体的社区养老服务项目所产生的影响略有不同;之后分析社区养老服务供给的效果,并分别又对和家人同住的老人及独居老人两个群体做了社区养老服务供给效果的回归分析,将得到的结果进行对比,对比结果显示社区养老服务的供给能够提高老人的生活满意度,独居老人对于各项社区养老服务的需求程度要高于与家人同住的老人;探索了农村家庭供养和社区养老服务之间的关系,发现家庭养老服务的可及性会对社区养老服务产生一定的替代效应,家庭养老服务的质量会对社区生活照料服务和精神慰藉服务产生替代作用,而与社区医疗健康服务存在互补的作用。最后在分析结果的基础上,提出农村社区养老服务发展的相关政策建议,在提供社区养老服务时应考虑农村老人的需求,有的放矢,对独居老人等特殊群体的养老服务可能要有所侧重,在社区养老服务的建设中,应注重区域的公平,缩小区域差距。可以结合时代发展背景,利用技术手段,建立"智慧社区",同时将互助养老模式也引进到社区养老服务当中去,整合养老资源,既满足了照顾、慰藉等养老需求,也提高了老年人的互动性。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, the aging degree of our country has been deepening. According to the data of the sixth census, the number of elderly people aged 60 and above has reached 178 million, accounting for 13.26% of the total population. By the end of 2015, The aged population over 60 years old in China accounts for 16.1% of the total population, aging has become the basic situation of our country. One of the characteristics of aging in our country is that there are many old people in rural areas. The outflow of young workers weakens the role of traditional family old-age support. The old-age dependency ratio in rural areas is increasing year by year, and the problem of rural old-age support is becoming more and more prominent. On the one hand, as the main body of the elderly living network, the community should bear more and more responsibility for the old-age service, but on the other hand, the rural economic development is relatively backward, resulting in the level of old-age medical security. There is a certain gap between the level of social pension services and urban areas, and there may be some deficiencies in rural community pension services. Based on this, this paper studies the community pension service of the elderly in rural China from the perspectives of supply and demand. First of all, through literature combing and related data collation to understand the rural community pension service supply and demand status, analysis of rural community pension service supply rate and demand rate and supply utilization and demand satisfaction rate, The matching situation of supply and demand of pension service in different communities in east, west and west are compared and analyzed. It is found that the supply of some rural old-age services is not ideal, but the demand for community old-age service is generally high, and the demand of the elderly is also different in the specific community pension service projects. The elderly have a higher demand for health care services and spiritual comfort services, and there are regional differences in the supply and demand of rural community old-age care services. In terms of service supply, the eastern region is obviously better than the central and western regions. Secondly, using logit model to study the influence factors of rural elderly community pension service demand, including personal, family, economic, physical and psychological factors, etc. These factors have a slightly different impact on the specific community pension service projects. Then, the effect of community pension service supply is analyzed. In addition, the regression analysis of the effect of community old-age service supply was made for the elderly who lived with their families and the elderly living alone, and the results were compared. The results show that the supply of community pension services can improve the life satisfaction of the elderly, and the demand for the community old-age care services of the elderly living alone is higher than that of the elderly who live with their families. This paper explores the relationship between rural family support and community pension services, and finds that the accessibility of family pension services will have a certain substitution effect on community pension services. The quality of the family old-age care service can substitute for the community life care service and the spiritual comfort service, and there is a complementary role with the community medical and health service. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the results, the paper puts forward the relevant policy recommendations for the development of the rural community old-age care service, which should take into account the needs of the rural elderly when providing community pension services. In the construction of community old-age service, we should pay attention to the regional equity and narrow the regional gap. Combining with the development background of the times and using technical means, we can establish "intelligent communities," and at the same time, we can also introduce mutual support for the aged into community pension services, and integrate old-age resources to meet the needs of the aged, such as care, comfort, and so on. It also increases the interactivity of the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.89;F719

【相似文献】