中国服务业生产率及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 03:15

本文选题：服务业 + 生产率　；参考：《南京大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：生产率是经济持续增长的源泉,生产率问题是当代经济学界的长青问题之一。未来我国经济将向服务经济转变,在当前转型升级、扩大内需的背景下,发展服务业是现阶段政策的重点。关注服务业生产率的Baumol-Fuchs假说指出,服务业是生产率滞后的部门,服务业的增长会拖累整体经济增长。虽然服务业增长滞后假说受到越来越多的质疑,但在我国,确实存在服务业发展滞后、生产率偏低的现象。这种现象的成因是什么?服务业发展受到何种因素阻碍?要用何种手段才能推动服务业发展?这一系列的问题归结起来是本文的研究主题：我国服务业生产率的影响因素。服务业与制造业不同的特点是：无形性、异质性、生产消费的同时性、不可运输和储存性。为了突出服务业的特点,本文建立了一个基于服务业性质的行业发展的四化框架。它们按照企业-区域-国家-国际的递进顺序分别是：现代化、规模化、市场化和全球化。本文又进一步将抽象的四化具体表述为：创新、集聚、市场管制和国际一体化。在这四个具体因素的基础上,本文研究了它们和服务业生产率的关系。本文的第三章使用了统计年鉴数据和上市公司数据,对服务业生产率做了分地区、分时段、分行业以及分所有制的具体分析。在接下来的第四章到第七章中,本文所做工作如下：在第四章,本文依照服务业创新的特点,设计了若干指标反映服务业创新。通过实证本文发现,有别于制造业的是,客户企业以及同行竞争企业是服务业创新的主要动力。这说明开放式创新在服务业创新中更加重要。在大多数情况下,创新对服务企业以及知识密集型的服务企业生产率有显著正面影响,但与非知识密集型服务业关系不显著。在第五章,本文区别了服务业集聚与制造业集聚,建立了基于需求的集聚机制模型,指出需求在服务业集聚中的重要作用：较高的社会需求水平拉动了服务业的集聚,集聚的外溢效应刺激了服务业劳动生产率的提高,并且.通过收益递增的形式自我强化。实证表明,我国城市化是一种“半城市化”,这种“半城市化”无法产生对拉动服务业集聚的有效需求。此外,服务业集聚的模式也较为粗放。在第六章,本文发现对服务业的政策歧视比制造业要严重。本文建立的管制影响企业生产率的模型的机理是,政府的管制政策有可能成为竞争道路上的障碍。它或是保护在位企业垄断,或是排斥新企业的进入,从而损害了正常竞争秩序,造成市场的扭曲。高效企业不能进入,低效企业没有变革压力,全行业的生产率就也无法提升。实证表明,放松对私营或外国资本进入并没有明显的对生产率的促进作用,而国有垄断力量下降时对生产率有促进作用。这说明对服务业的管制可能有结构失衡的问题,以及对服务业的管制实际上并未放松。在第七章,考虑到服务业的本地化特性,主要讨论到底是全球化对生产率影响大,还是本土区域一体化对服务业生产率影响更大?本文从服务贸易的角度实证了全球化与服务业企业效率之问的关系,并从供应链全球化的角度分析了国际化与本土区域一体化对企业生产率的影响。从服务贸易的角度看,全球化程度与生产率之间有较为明显的正面关系。从供应链关系的角度看,竞争者的全球化程度与生产率正相关,供货商本土化的程度与生产率正相关。该结论说明对本土区域一体化和全球一体化不应当存在厚此薄彼的关系。对外开放的前提首先是对内开放。第八章回顾了以前章节的内容,并对全文作了总结,提出了相应的政策和建议。本文主要有两个方面的贡献,一是突出了服务的性质。本文分析框架有别于制造业,弥补了以往在制造业假定下研究生产率影响因素文献的不足。二是本文采用微观调查数据和宏观统计数据结合的相结合的实证,弥补了以往仅采用统计数据可能发生的核算缺陷。
[Abstract]:Productivity is the source of sustained economic growth. The problem of productivity is one of the evergreen problems in the contemporary economic circle. In the future, China's economy will change to the service economy. In the background of the current transformation and upgrading and the expansion of domestic demand, the development of service industry is the focus of the current policy. The Baumol-Fuchs hypothesis of the productivity of service industry is a birth of the service industry. The growth of the service industry will drag on the overall economic growth. Although the hypothesis of the service industry growth lag is questioned more and more, there is a phenomenon that the service industry is lagging behind and the productivity is low. What are the causes of this phenomenon? What factors are hindered by the service industry development and what means to push the service industry development to be pushed? The development of mobile service industry? This series of problems boils down to the theme of this paper: factors affecting the productivity of China's service industry.
The different characteristics of service industry and manufacturing industry are: invisibility, heterogeneity, simultaneity of production and consumption, non transport and storage. In order to highlight the characteristics of service industry, this paper establishes a four modernized framework based on the nature of service industry. They are according to the progressive order of enterprise regional national home and International, modernization, scale In this paper, the relationship between them and the productivity of service industry is studied on the basis of these four specific factors. The third chapter of this paper uses statistical yearbook data and listed company data to produce service industry. In the next fourth chapters to seventh chapters, the following work is done:
In the fourth chapter, according to the characteristics of service industry innovation, this paper designs a number of indicators to reflect the innovation of service industry. Through the empirical study, it is found that different from the manufacturing industry, customer enterprises and competitors are the main driving forces of service industry innovation. This shows that open innovation is more important in service industry innovation. In most cases, innovation It has a significant positive impact on the productivity of service enterprises and knowledge intensive service enterprises, but has no significant relationship with non knowledge intensive service industries.
In the fifth chapter, this paper distinguishes service industry agglomeration and manufacturing agglomeration, establishes a model based on demand based agglomeration mechanism, and points out the important role of demand in service industry agglomeration. The higher social demand level promotes the agglomeration of service industry. The spillover effect of agglomeration stimulates the increase of labor productivity in service industry, and through returns. The empirical evidence shows that urbanization in China is a "semi urbanized", and this "semi urbanized" can not produce effective demand for the agglomeration of service industry. In addition, the model of service industry agglomeration is more extensive.
In the sixth chapter, it is found that policy discrimination in the service industry is more serious than that in the manufacturing industry. The mechanism established in this paper that affects the productivity of the enterprise is that the government's regulatory policy may become an obstacle on the road of competition. It is either the protection of the monopolies of the incumbent enterprises or the exclusion of the entry of new enterprises, thus damaging the normal competition order, Resulting in distortions in the market. Efficient enterprises can not enter, inefficient enterprises do not have change pressure, and the productivity of the whole industry can not be promoted. The empirical evidence shows that the relaxation of private or foreign capital entry does not significantly promote productivity, while the decline of state monopoly power has a positive effect on productivity. There may be structural imbalances, and regulation of the service sector has not actually been relaxed.
In the seventh chapter, considering the localization characteristics of service industry, it is mainly discussed whether globalization has a large impact on productivity or greater impact of local regional integration on the productivity of service industry. From the perspective of service trade, this paper empirically examines the relationship between globalization and the efficiency of service enterprises, and analyzes the International Perspective from the perspective of supply chain globalization. From the perspective of service trade, there is a more obvious positive relationship between the degree of globalization and productivity. From the perspective of supply chain relations, the degree of globalization of competitors is positively related to productivity, and the degree of the localization of suppliers is positively related to productivity. The premise of opening to the outside world is to open to the outside world first.
The eighth chapter reviews the contents of previous chapters, summarizes the full text, and puts forward corresponding policies and suggestions.
This article mainly has two contributions, one is to highlight the nature of service. The analysis of the framework is different from the manufacturing industry, which makes up for the deficiencies of the previous literature on the factors affecting productivity under the assumption of manufacturing industry. Two is a combination of the combination of micro survey data and macro statistical data, which makes up for the past use of statistics only. A possible accounting defect in the data.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F719

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