中国服务业对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出效应研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 03:07

本文选题：对外直接投资 + 逆向技术溢出　；参考：《江西财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应是母国向东道国直接进行投资,获取东道国的新型科学技术、优质研发资源,实现技术资源从东道国向母国的输送与流动,从而提升母国技术跟进与创新水平。近年来,发展中国家和转型经济体的跨国公司开始不断进入世界其它地区特别是西方发达国家的市场,中国的一些跨国公司也开始在全球范围内寻找优势资源和技术,对外直接投资总体规模呈现不断上涨的态势。实现由产业链低端向高端对外投资的转变是中国企业未来发展的必然选择,能够在国际市场上获得技术外溢效应,加速产品的更新换代,提升自主创新能力,是实现中国企业转型的关键。在此背景下,本文从战略角度思考中国企业对外直接投资中的技术提升,并以此为出发点研究逆向技术溢出对中国服务业全要素生产率的影响,阐明了对外直接投资获得的技术溢出能否促进中国的产业升级。从而提出本文的研究课题：逆向技术溢出是通过哪些渠道对我国服务业产生影响的,逆向技术溢出的传导链条和机理是什么,这种逆向技术溢出效应是否显著,并得出充分实施走出去发展策略的政策建议。理论研究方面,本文分析了技术进步的两种路径：创新和模仿。从模仿为主的技术进步路径阐释了对外直接投资逆向技术溢出的三条渠道。这三条渠道是通过进出口贸易、引入外商直接投资、对外直接投资来获得国外研发资本的溢出。然后,分析逆向技术溢出的传导链条。逆向技术溢出现象充分说明了在对外直接投资中科学技术与研发资源是双向扩散与渗透的,在东道国与母国企业之间存在一定的流通性特点,打破了我们传统的投资技术与研发资源输出的限制理论,最后,本文基于内生经济增长产品品种增加模型建立了新型的对外直接投资过程中母国与东道国之间逆向的技术溢出效应的理论模型,在稳态均衡增长中,通过三个渠道获得的逆向技术溢出越多,母国的经济增长也就越快,并分析了逆向技术溢出的机制。实证分析方面,通过建立模型来定量并动态地分析了三个渠道的逆向技术溢出与我国服务业全要素生产率之间的关系。本文运用1991-2010年的时间序列数据,通过数据的选取和处理,基于协整检验和向量误差修正模型,得出各个变量之间的长期均衡关系和短期对长期关系的修正。最后,通过基于向量误差修正模型的格兰杰因果检验,得出双变量之间的影响程度。实证结果显示,对外直接投资逆向技术溢出和我国服务业全要素生产率之间并无显著的正向关系。这主要是因为我国技术获取型的对外直接投资规模较小,这样小规模的对外直接投资并不能对我国服务业的发展产生有效的逆向溢出效应；我国企业对外直接投资技术激活机制欠缺,造成了资源和知识存量的凝固,没有最大程度地活化企业内部的技术知识；技术外溢渠道不通畅,东道国严格限制其核心技术和科学技术的扩散,造成对外投资中技术溢出效应不明显。基于理论和实证研究,本文认为在渠道通畅的前提下,逆向技术溢出与经济稳态增长率呈正相关关系,但是实证检验结果表明我国逆向技术溢出效应并不明显,因此,本文从企业、国家产业两个角度提出相关政策建议,为我国充分实施走出去发展战略,积极寻求先进技术,最大程度的利用对西方发达国家直接投资的逆向技术溢出效应,使研究成果在短时间转化提供支持。
[Abstract]:The reverse technology spillover effect of foreign direct investment is the direct investment by the mother country to the host country, the new science and technology of the host country, the high quality research and development resources, the transmission and flow of technical resources from the host country to the home country, so as to improve the level of technical follow-up and innovation of the country. In recent years, the transnational public of the developing countries and the transition economies The company began to continue to enter the markets of the rest of the world, especially in the western developed countries. Some of the multinational companies in China began to find the dominant resources and technology in the world. The overall scale of foreign direct investment has been rising constantly. The transformation from the low end of the industrial chain to the high-end foreign investment is the future development of Chinese enterprises. The key to realize the transformation of Chinese enterprises is to obtain the technical spillover effect in the international market, to accelerate the renewal of the products and to improve the ability of independent innovation.
In this context, this paper thinks about the technological upgrading of Chinese enterprises' foreign direct investment from a strategic perspective, and takes this as the starting point to study the effect of Reverse Technology Spillover on the total factor productivity of China's service industry, and to clarify whether the technology spillover obtained by FDI can promote the upgrading of China's industry. The reverse technology spillover is through which channels have an impact on China's service industry, what is the transmission chain and mechanism of reverse technology spillover, whether the reverse spillover effect is significant, and the policy proposals to fully implement the strategy of going out of development are given.
In the field of theoretical research, this paper analyzes the two ways of technological progress: innovation and imitation. From the path of technological progress based on imitation, three channels for the reverse technology spillover of foreign direct investment are explained. The three channels are through import and export trade, foreign direct investment and foreign direct investment to obtain the spillover of foreign R & D capital. Then, it analyses the transmission chain of reverse technology spillover. The reverse technology spillover shows that science and technology and R & D resources are diffused and permeated in the foreign direct investment. There are certain liquidity characteristics between the host country and the home country enterprises, which breaks the restriction of the output of our traditional investment technology and R & D resources. Finally, based on the model of increasing product variety of endogenous economic growth, this paper establishes a theoretical model of the reverse technology spillover effect between the mother country and the host country in the new direct investment process. In the steady state of steady growth, the more reverse technology spillovers obtained through three channels, the faster the economic growth of the mother country, and the analysis of the economic growth of the country. The mechanism of reverse technology spillover.
In the empirical analysis, the relationship between the reverse technology spillovers of the three channels and the total factor productivity of the service industry in China is analyzed quantitatively and dynamically by establishing the model. In this paper, the data are selected and processed by using the time series data of 1991-2010 years, and based on the cointegration test and the vector error correction model, the various variables are obtained. The long-term equilibrium relationship and the short-term relationship correction. Finally, through the Grainger causality test based on the vector error correction model, the influence degree between the two variables is obtained. The empirical results show that there is no significant positive relationship between the reverse technology spillover of foreign direct investment and the total factor production rate of China's service industry. Because of the small scale of foreign direct investment in China's technology acquisition, the small scale of foreign direct investment can not produce effective reverse spillover effect on the development of our country's service industry. The lack of technology activation mechanism of foreign direct investment in our enterprises has caused the solidification of resources and knowledge storage, and the enterprise does not activate the enterprise to the maximum extent. The internal technical knowledge; the technology spillover channel is not smooth, the host country restricts its core technology and the diffusion of science and technology strictly, which causes the technology spillover effect in foreign investment is not obvious.
Based on the theoretical and empirical research, this paper holds that the reverse technology spillover has a positive correlation with the economic steady growth rate on the premise of channel smooth, but the empirical test results show that the reverse technology spillover effect is not obvious. Therefore, this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions from two perspectives of enterprises and national industries, which will be fully implemented for our country. To develop strategy, actively seek advanced technology, make the best use of reverse technology spillover effect on direct investment in western developed countries, and provide support for research results in short time transformation.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.6;F719

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