第三产业促进就业的问题与对策研究
发布时间：2018-08-08 14:22
【摘要】：改革开放30多年来，社会经济的持续发展，人民生活水平的不断提高，第三产业在国民经济发展进程中所扮演的角色越来越重要，第三产业占整个国民经济的比重已经达到了43.4%，但是高速的经济增长并没有缓解就业的压力，困扰我们的就业问题依然存在。从国内日益严峻的就业市场来看，第一产业就业人数早已达到极限，第二产业的就业吸纳能力也趋于饱和，甚至国内一些发达地区已经出现了第二产业排斥劳动力的现象，从三大产业吸纳劳动力的角度来看，第三产业是具有潜力解决就业问题的产业，但是我国第三产业只是处于起步阶段，相比世界发达国家的第三产业而言，国内第三产业并没有发挥出就业吸纳较强的特点。我国拥有13亿人口，就业问题的严重性要比世界其他国家高出许多，因此我们需要通过发展第三产业并最终解决就业难题。经过长期各国学者的观察研究和数据统计可以表明，第三产业的发展是促进第一产业和第二产业发展的有效途径，同时也是解决就业问题的重要产业。相比较发达国家的第三产业GDP比重，，国内第三产业GDP数据表现较为一般没有达到第三产业发展的应有水平，第三产业长期维持在40.0%左右的水平线，较低水平的第三产业发展将会对第一、第二产业产生限制性作用，甚至对整个社会经济发展造成不良影响。第三产业包含现代服务业以及传统服务业，其产业内部的行业种类具有多样化的特征，就业渠道广阔，具备较高的就业吸纳能力，在以科学发展观为指导思想，可持续发展为目标的前提下，不断提高人民群众的生活水平，不断增加社会财富的积累，我们必须要从发展第三产业的角度出发，不断完善第三产业的产业结构增加第三产业的核心竞争力，通过发展第三产业带动就业。 本文从国内外文献关于第三产业促进就业为本文的研究基础，其中包括配第-克拉克定理、费景汉-拉尼斯模型、凯恩斯的就业理论、古典学派的就业理论。并从第三产业如何带动就业为本文研究的切入点，通过GDP数据以及第三产业就业数据的整理和分析得出第三产业就业弹性以及第三产业就业吸纳等等数值存在较大的不足，分析国内第三产业在就业问题的现状和不足，最后通过发展第三产业，优化第三产业内部结构，增加第三产业在整个国民经济中的比例，协调第三产业的区域发展，由此带动我国的就业，增加国内就业机会。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, with the sustained development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the role played by the tertiary industry in the development of the national economy has become more and more important. The proportion of tertiary industry in the whole national economy has reached 43.4%, but the rapid economic growth has not alleviated the pressure of employment, and the employment problem that puzzles us still exists. Judging from the increasingly austere employment market in China, the number of people employed in the primary industry has already reached its limit, and the employment absorption capacity of the secondary industry has also tended to be saturated. Even in some developed areas of the country, the phenomenon of the exclusion of the labor force by the secondary industry has appeared. From the point of view of absorbing labor force from the three major industries, the tertiary industry is an industry with the potential to solve employment problems. However, the tertiary industry in China is only in its infancy, compared with the tertiary industry in developed countries. Domestic tertiary industry has not brought into play the characteristics of employment absorption. China has a population of 1.3 billion and the severity of the employment problem is much higher than that of other countries in the world, so we need to develop the tertiary industry and finally solve the employment problem. After a long period of scholars' observation and statistics, it can be shown that the development of the tertiary industry is an effective way to promote the development of the primary and secondary industries, and it is also an important industry to solve the employment problem. Compared with the proportion of tertiary industry GDP in developed countries, domestic tertiary industry GDP data generally do not reach the required level of tertiary industry development, and the tertiary industry has been maintained at a level of about 40.0% for a long time. The development of the tertiary industry at a lower level will have a restrictive effect on the first and second industries, and even a negative impact on the development of the whole society and economy. The tertiary industry includes modern service industry and traditional service industry. The types of industries in the tertiary industry have diversified characteristics, broad employment channels, higher employment absorption capacity, and scientific development concept as the guiding ideology. On the premise of sustainable development, we must constantly improve the living standards of the people and increase the accumulation of social wealth. We must proceed from the perspective of developing the tertiary industry. Constantly improve the industrial structure of the tertiary industry to increase the core competitiveness of the tertiary industry, through the development of tertiary industry to promote employment. This paper is based on the domestic and foreign literature about the tertiary industry promoting employment, which includes the copper-Clark theorem, the Feichinghan-Larnes model, the employment theory of Keynes and the employment theory of classical school. And from how to promote the employment of the tertiary industry as the breakthrough point of this study, through the GDP data and the tertiary industry employment data collation and analysis of the tertiary industry employment elasticity and employment absorption of the tertiary industry, and so on, there is a greater shortage of numerical value. This paper analyzes the present situation and shortcomings of the employment problem of the domestic tertiary industry. Finally, by developing the tertiary industry, optimizing the internal structure of the tertiary industry, increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry in the whole national economy, and coordinating the regional development of the tertiary industry, This will lead to employment in China, increase domestic employment opportunities.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F249.21;F719
本文编号：2172065
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, with the sustained development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the role played by the tertiary industry in the development of the national economy has become more and more important. The proportion of tertiary industry in the whole national economy has reached 43.4%, but the rapid economic growth has not alleviated the pressure of employment, and the employment problem that puzzles us still exists. Judging from the increasingly austere employment market in China, the number of people employed in the primary industry has already reached its limit, and the employment absorption capacity of the secondary industry has also tended to be saturated. Even in some developed areas of the country, the phenomenon of the exclusion of the labor force by the secondary industry has appeared. From the point of view of absorbing labor force from the three major industries, the tertiary industry is an industry with the potential to solve employment problems. However, the tertiary industry in China is only in its infancy, compared with the tertiary industry in developed countries. Domestic tertiary industry has not brought into play the characteristics of employment absorption. China has a population of 1.3 billion and the severity of the employment problem is much higher than that of other countries in the world, so we need to develop the tertiary industry and finally solve the employment problem. After a long period of scholars' observation and statistics, it can be shown that the development of the tertiary industry is an effective way to promote the development of the primary and secondary industries, and it is also an important industry to solve the employment problem. Compared with the proportion of tertiary industry GDP in developed countries, domestic tertiary industry GDP data generally do not reach the required level of tertiary industry development, and the tertiary industry has been maintained at a level of about 40.0% for a long time. The development of the tertiary industry at a lower level will have a restrictive effect on the first and second industries, and even a negative impact on the development of the whole society and economy. The tertiary industry includes modern service industry and traditional service industry. The types of industries in the tertiary industry have diversified characteristics, broad employment channels, higher employment absorption capacity, and scientific development concept as the guiding ideology. On the premise of sustainable development, we must constantly improve the living standards of the people and increase the accumulation of social wealth. We must proceed from the perspective of developing the tertiary industry. Constantly improve the industrial structure of the tertiary industry to increase the core competitiveness of the tertiary industry, through the development of tertiary industry to promote employment. This paper is based on the domestic and foreign literature about the tertiary industry promoting employment, which includes the copper-Clark theorem, the Feichinghan-Larnes model, the employment theory of Keynes and the employment theory of classical school. And from how to promote the employment of the tertiary industry as the breakthrough point of this study, through the GDP data and the tertiary industry employment data collation and analysis of the tertiary industry employment elasticity and employment absorption of the tertiary industry, and so on, there is a greater shortage of numerical value. This paper analyzes the present situation and shortcomings of the employment problem of the domestic tertiary industry. Finally, by developing the tertiary industry, optimizing the internal structure of the tertiary industry, increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry in the whole national economy, and coordinating the regional development of the tertiary industry, This will lead to employment in China, increase domestic employment opportunities.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F249.21;F719
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