长三角地区生产性服务业空间分异及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 17:59

【摘要】：生产性服务业是当前世界经济中增长最快的行业，是推动经济增长和城市化发展最主要的力量之一，长三角地区作为中国当前发展速度最快、综合竞争力最强的地区，正处于城市化加速发展与工业化后期向后工业化时期转变的关键时期，生产性服务业的快速发展是这一时期的最主要特征之一。针对长三角地区生产性服务业空间分异的研究正是在长三角地区经济发展方式从高成本低附加值向低成本高附加值转变、缩小地区差异加快区域一体化进程的背景下展开。本文首先从新经济地理学相关理论研究文献出发探寻生产性服务业空间分异过程中可能存在的规律，随后对近年来国内外生产性服务业实证文献进行全面系统的评述，发现当前研究主要从集聚与扩散现象、空间结构特征等角度单独进行的研究割裂了现象之间的联系，对其原因的研究虽然较多但未形成一致意见，难以认识生产性服务业空间分异的规律和根本原因。通过整理文献并与新经济地理学理论想结合，本文认为生产性服务业在学习、共享、匹配等机制引起规模收益递增的集聚力量与空间有限性、全域知识外溢等形成扩散机制的共同作用下形成分异，其中知识溢出是生产性服务业空间分异的根本动力，集聚和扩散是生产性服务业空间分异的主要力量。两种力量的对比形成动态空间结构，根本原因是由于地区间初始知识积累和人力资本的不同生产性服务业在空间的分异会形成特定的空间结构，这种空间结构还会随着区域城市群体系结构、区域制造业布局等外部环境的变化而变化，随后本文依据提出了生产性服务业空间分异理论分析框架。其次，为了全面系统的对现状特征展开研究，本文随后在此分析框架下运用分异指数、行业基尼系数、地区Hoover系数、Moran指数I和局部Moran指数等分析方法来研究长三角地区生产性服务业空间分异的产业和空间特征。研究发现长三角地区生产性服务业总体分异特征以趋向集聚为主、空间分异程度正在加剧，各细分行业空间分异程度有较大差异，地区间差异明显，行业间差距逐渐缩小、地区间表现出显著的空间关联模式，在整个区域呈现三核心-外围的空间结构，本文同时结合前文所提出的理论分析框架对这些特征出现的原因做出了解释。然后，，本文结合理论分析和对长三角地区生产性服务业空间分异现状特征的探索与解释，发现有三个方面是影响生产性服务业空间分异的最主要原因，并提出了知识积累和人力资本分布的现状、区域城市等级体系、区域制造业布局、空间距离等因素对生产性服务业空间分异影响的三大假说。在检测出显著的知识溢出效应和产业发展过程中在空间上显著的地区关联性之后，分别采用空间计量经济学和普通计量经济学对假说进行了验证，发现考虑了空间溢出效应的模型更具有科学性和说服力，实证结果表明代表本地平均人力资本状况的人均受教育年限、代表本地在区域城市层级体系中地位的城市规模与本地区生产性服务业发展正相关，本地制造业规模无技术进步的纯粹规模扩散则对本地区生产性服务业发展的影响产生抑制作用。最后，本文根据研究前文分异特征研究的结果和对影响因素假说的检验，得出本文主要研究结论，并结合长三角当前发展现状引申出几条建议，并对本研究中存在的不足和进一步研究的方向进行了说明。
[Abstract]:Producer service industry is the fastest growing industry in the world economy and one of the most important forces to promote economic growth and urbanization. The Yangtze River Delta region, as the fastest growing and most competitive region in China, is in the key period of urbanization accelerating development and post-industrialization transformation. The rapid development of producer services in the Yangtze River Delta is one of the most important characteristics of this period.
Firstly, this paper explores the possible laws of the spatial differentiation of producer services from the relevant literature of new economic geography, and then makes a comprehensive and systematic review of the empirical literature of producer services both at home and abroad in recent years. It is found that the current research mainly focuses on the phenomenon of agglomeration and diffusion, spatial structure characteristics and other aspects. The research on the causes of the phenomena has been divided. Although there are many studies on the causes of the phenomena, there is no consensus. It is difficult to understand the laws and fundamental causes of the spatial differentiation of producer services. The agglomeration and spatial finiteness of increasing returns to scale, and the global knowledge spillover are the common effects of the diffusion mechanism to form differentiation. Knowledge spillover is the fundamental driving force for the spatial differentiation of productive services, and agglomeration and diffusion are the main forces for the spatial differentiation of productive services. The fundamental reason is that different producer services with different knowledge accumulation and human capital will form a specific spatial structure in space, which will change with the changes of regional urban agglomeration structure, regional manufacturing layout and other external environment. Theoretical analysis framework of spatial differentiation.
Secondly, in order to make a comprehensive and systematic study on the current situation, this paper uses differentiation index, industry Gini coefficient, regional Hoover coefficient, Moran index I and local Moran index to study the spatial and industrial characteristics of producer services in the Yangtze River Delta. The overall differentiation characteristics of producer services tend to be clustering, the degree of spatial differentiation is intensifying, the degree of spatial differentiation of each sub-industry is quite different, the regional differences are obvious, the gap between industries is gradually narrowing, there is a significant spatial correlation model between regions, showing a three-core-periphery spatial structure in the whole region. Combined with the theoretical analysis framework mentioned above, the reasons for these characteristics are explained.
Then, combining with the theoretical analysis and the exploration and explanation of the characteristics of the spatial differentiation of producer services in the Yangtze River Delta region, this paper finds that there are three main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of producer services, and puts forward the status quo of knowledge accumulation and human capital distribution, regional urban hierarchy, regional manufacturing layout, and empty space. Three hypotheses about the influence of distance on the spatial differentiation of producer services were tested by using spatial econometrics and general econometrics respectively after detecting the significant knowledge spillover effect and spatial correlation in the process of industrial development. The model is more scientific and convincing. The empirical results show that the average length of education per capita representing the local average human capital status, the city size representing the local position in the regional urban hierarchy system are positively related to the development of producer services in the region, and the pure scale diffusion of local manufacturing scale without technological progress is positively related to the region. The impact of producer services development is inhibited.
Finally, according to the results of the previous study and the test of the hypothesis of influencing factors, this paper draws the main conclusions of the study and gives some suggestions on the basis of the current development situation of the Yangtze River Delta.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F719;F224

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