黑龙江省生态文明建设与可持续发展的定量化评估与分析

发布时间：2018-01-09 19:21

本文关键词：黑龙江省生态文明建设与可持续发展的定量化评估与分析　出处：《东北林业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要分析2013年黑龙江省的生态文明建设水平和可持续发展程度,并提出相应的措施及建议。在生态文明建设方面,生态文明是我国建设小康社会的重要目标,切实推进生态文明建设,需要相应的评价体系对生态文明进行定量化研究,从而引导正确的政策方针。本文建立黑龙江省生态文明评价体系,确定各指标权重,计算黑龙江省2013年生态文明得分,对2013年生态文明状况进行分析,并对2004年到2013年的黑龙江省生态文明进步态势进行分析。在可持续发展方面,生态足迹模型是定量评价可持续发展的代表之一,本文以黑龙江省统计年鉴等数据资料为基础,建立黑龙江省生态足迹模型,分析黑龙江省1978年至2013年的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字(盈余),建立万元GDP生态足迹模型、万元GDP生态赤字模型,并对黑龙江省生态多样性以及区域发展能力进行研究。对1978年到2013年的黑龙江省可持续发展状况进行分析。其分析结论如下：生态文明建设方面：(1)黑龙江省生态文明持续稳定增强,黑龙江省生态文明指数得分为78分,具体从生态活力、环境质量、社会发展和协调程度四个二级指标进行分析,得分分别为25.4分、16.13分、14.85分和21.62分。(2)随之对2004年到2013年黑龙江省整体发展态势进步率进行分析,结果显示2013年黑龙江省的生态文明建设为生态优势型,其基本特点是生态活力偏高,环境质量和社会发展偏低,和协调程度保持为稳定。(3)黑龙江省可以在生态活力方面,加大生态资源的保护培育力度；在环境质量方面,控制化肥、农药施用量,发展生态农业；在社会发展方面,加快产业结构的优化调整,发展生态产业,转变经济增长方式；在协调程度方面,抓好节能减排工作,促进清洁生产,实现资源能源永久性持续利用以及经济社会协调可持续发展。可持续发展状况：(1)1978年至2013年,平均每年生态足迹增长速度为440.2万hm2/年,六大土地类型生态足迹也随之不断增长,其中化石能源的增长速度最快,2013年黑龙江省化石能源的生态足迹达到7874.69万hm2。(2)六大类型土地对黑龙江省总生态足迹贡献率排序为：化石能源用地耕地建设用地水域草地林地。人均生态足迹也呈现波动上升趋势,人均生态足迹从1978年的1.4833hm2/人上升至2013年的5.4933hm2/人,上升3.7倍。(3)黑龙江省的生态承载力从1978年7995.23万hm2波动下降至1994年的7457.79万hm2,1995年后开始回升,2013年为7810的万hm2。(4)黑龙江省1993年前处于生态盈余状态,之后出现生态赤字,数值也逐年增大。(5)黑龙江省万元GDP生态足迹呈下降趋势,从1978年的26.5564hm2/万元GDP降至1.4647hm2/万元GDP,黑龙江省1994年后一直处于万元GDP生态赤字状态,2006年后,万元GDP生态赤字开始逐年降低。黑龙江省发展能力指标总体呈现波动上升的趋势。黑龙江省人均GDP与发展能力指数两者关联度为0.5844,二者呈正相关。(6)黑龙江可提高农业平均生产力,发展循环经济,整治生态环境,合理利用水资源和森林资源,从而实现黑龙江省可持续发展。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly analyzes the level of ecological civilization construction in Heilongjiang Province in 2013 and the extent of sustainable development, and puts forward corresponding measures and suggestions. In the construction of ecological civilization, ecological civilization is an important goal for building a well-off society in China, and promote the construction of ecological civilization, need the corresponding evaluation system of quantitative research on ecological civilization, so as to guide the correct policy. The establishment of ecological civilization evaluation system in Heilongjiang Province, to determine the index weight, calculate the civilization of Heilongjiang Province in 2013 to 2013, the ecological civilization ecological score, and analyze the status of ecological civilization and progress in Heilongjiang province from 2004 to 2013 the situation was analyzed. In the aspect of sustainable development, ecological footprint model is one of the representatives of the quantitative evaluation of sustainable the development of the Heilongjiang province statistical yearbook data as the basis, establish the ecological foot trace model in Heilongjiang Province And analyze the ecological footprint of Heilongjiang province from 1978 to 2013, the ecological carrying capacity, ecological deficit (Ying Yu), a million GDP million GDP ecological footprint model, ecological deficit model, and conducts the research to the Heilongjiang Province ecological diversity and regional development capacity. To analyze the status of sustainable development of Heilongjiang province in 2013 to 1978 to the. The analysis conclusions are as follows: Ecological Civilization Construction: (1) steady enhancement of ecological civilization in Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province ecological civilization index score of 78 points, from the ecological vitality, environmental quality, analysis of social development and coordination of the four level two indexes, scores were 25.4 points, 16.13 points, 14.85 points and 21.62. (2) followed on 2004 to 2013 in Heilongjiang Province, the overall development trend of progress rate analysis results show that the construction of ecological civilization in Heilongjiang Province in 2013 for ecological advantages, and its basic characteristics The ecological vitality is high, environmental quality and social development is low, and the degree of coordination of maintaining stability. (3) in Heilongjiang province in the ecological vitality, strengthen the protection of ecological resources cultivation; control of chemical fertilizers in terms of environmental quality, and the use of pesticides, the development of ecological agriculture; in the aspect of social development, accelerate the optimization of industrial structure adjustment and the development of eco industry, change the mode of economic growth; the degree of coordination, grasp the work of energy-saving emission reduction, promote cleaner production, to achieve sustainable use of energy resources and permanent coordinated economic and social sustainable development. Sustainable development: (1) from 1978 to 2013, the average annual growth rate of ecological footprint was 4 million 402 thousand hm2/ year, six land types the ecological footprint has increased rapidly, the fossil energy is the fastest growth, the ecological footprint of Heilongjiang Province in 2013, fossil energy up to 78 million 746 thousand and 900 hm2. (2) Six types of land to the total ecological footprint of Heilongjiang province in the contribution rate of order: the fossil energy land construction land cultivated land grassland forest land. The ecological footprint per capita water also fluctuated upward trend, the per capita ecological footprint from 1978 1.4833hm2/ rose to 5.4933hm2/ in 2013, up 3.7 times. (3) from 1978 79 million 952 thousand and 300 hm2 wave in 1994 74 million 577 thousand and 900 years after hm21995 began to pick up the ecological carrying capacity of Heilongjiang province in 2013, 7810 000 hm2. (4) in ecological surplus in Heilongjiang Province before 1993, after the ecological deficit, numerical increases year by year. (5) Heilongjiang Province million GDP ecological footprint decreased from 26.5564hm2/ million in 1978 yuan GDP to 1.4647hm2/ million GDP million GDP, has been in a state of ecological deficit in Heilongjiang province in 1994, after 2006, the ecological deficit million GDP began to decrease year by year. Heilongjiang province development ability The overall index fluctuated upward trend. The index of per capita GDP and development capacity of Heilongjiang province the correlation degree is 0.5844, two were positively correlated. (6) Heilongjiang can improve the average productivity of agriculture, the development of recycling economy, protect the ecological environment, reasonable utilization of water resources and forest resources, so as to realize the sustainable development of Heilongjiang province.

【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X22

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