环境规制对全要素能源效率的影响

发布时间：2018-03-10 22:12

本文选题：环境规制　切入点：Tobit模型　出处：《东北财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的高速发展,环境污染加剧,能源消耗骤增,能源和环境问题已经成为我国实现经济可持续发展面临的严峻挑战。提高能源效率不仅成为我国也成为全世界解决能源和环境问题的有效途径。在这一背景下,研究环境规制对我国全要素能源效率的影响,探索能源效率提高与环保相容的均衡发展模式,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。然而,环境污染作为一种“有害”的公共产品,具有很强的负外部效应,环境质量治理的市场失灵催生了政府规制政策的介入。但在中国财政分权和政绩考核背景下,各地方政府为了促进经济增长会产生违背现有环境规制强度的动机,从而使环境规制效果大打折扣。因此,本文以中国现实为背景,利用中国省级面板数据,分析了环境规制影响能源效率的传导机制和作用大小,并在此基础上给出了提升我国能源效率的路径选择。首先,本文从结构和技术两个方面分析了环境规制影响全要素能源效率的作用机理。环境规制主要通过促进产业结构调整和优化能源消费结构来降低整个经济的能源消耗,进而促进能源效率提高。而技术进步一方面可以通过先进的技术设备和科学的生产方法来降低能源消耗和开支,提高能源效率和经济产出,但另一方面技术进步的“回弹效应”又会促使经济增长,导致能源消耗增加。故技术进步的影响方向取决于两种效应的大小其次,本文运用DEA方法测算了全国和三大区域包含非合意产出的全要素能源效率。研究发现,在考察期内,我国全要素能源效率整体水平较低,并有不断下滑的趋势。东、中、西部全要素能源效率存在显著发展不平衡现象,东部地区能源效率相对较高,中部次之,西部最低。但从能源效率下降的幅度上看,中部下降幅度最大,说明中部是我国节能减排的重点区域。最后,本文采用我国省级面板数据,运用Tobit模型分析了环境规制对全要素能源效率的影响,进一步在考虑我国财政分权和政绩考核的背景下,环境规制和政府对环境规制政策干预的共同作用对全要素能源效率的影响。实证检验发现：1)无论是在短期还是长期,环境规制均有利于全要素能源效率的提高。但在对三大区域分别进行检验时,发现环境规制对三大区域影响存在显著差异。环境规制对中部的影响在1%水平下显著为正,说明在中部加大环境规制强度有利于全要素能源效率的提高；对于东部,当期环境规制对全要素能源效率影响为正,但在滞后二期的情况下,其对全要素能源效率的影响显著为负,说明在长期,环境规制会抑制东部全要素能源效率的提高；环境规制对西部全要素能源效率的影响在短期为正,在长期并不显著,且在三个区域中,其影响最小,说明环境规制对西部全要素能源效率提高作用不大。2)技术进步在短期,由于存在较强的技术“回弹效应”,会抑制全要素能源效率的提高,但在长期内对全要素能源效率的影响为正。3)在短期内,第二产业比重的增加,会抑制全要素能源效率的提高,但随着产业结构的转型,技术设备的更新,产业结构开始对全要素能源效率产生正的影响。4)政府对环境规制政策的干预,无论是在短期还是长期,对全要素能源效率的影响均为负。这说明政府的介入会抑制全要素能源效率的提高。但对其他因素的作用也会产生影响,政府对环境规制政策干预在一定程度上会抑制环境规制的促进作用,但会使技术进步和产业结构负向抑制作用转为正向促进作用。同时,对三大区域影响也存在差异,政府的介入对东部的负面影响最大,对中部而言,在产业升级方面有一定的指导作用,而对西部的技术进步和产业升级均有一定的促进作用。
[Abstract]:With China's rapid economic development, environmental pollution, energy consumption increased, energy and environmental issues have become a serious challenge to China's sustainable economic development. Facing the increasing energy efficiency not only become China has become the world to solve the energy and environmental problems in an effective way. In this context, the effects of environmental regulations of China's total factor energy efficiency, improve energy efficiency and to explore the model of balanced development of environmental compatibility, it has very important theoretical and practical significance. However, the environmental pollution as a "harmful" public goods, has a strong negative external effect, environmental quality control of market failure has spawned government regulation policy the intervention. But in the Chinese fiscal decentralization and performance evaluation under the background, the local government in order to promote economic growth will have contrary to existing environmental regulation intensity motivation, and makes the ring Reduced environmental regulation effect. Therefore, based on the background of Chinese reality, using Chinese provincial panel data, analysis of environmental regulation influences the conduction mechanism and the effect of energy efficiency and size, based on the path choice of improving energy efficiency in China. Firstly, this paper analyzes the environmental regulation from two aspects of structure and technology the mechanism of effects of total factor energy efficiency. The environmental regulation mainly through promoting industry structure adjustment and optimization of energy consumption structure to reduce the energy consumption of the whole economy, and promote energy efficiency. And the technological progress on one hand can reduce the energy consumption and expenditure by means of advanced equipment and scientific production technology, improve energy efficiency and the economic output, but on the other hand, technological progress of the "rebound effect" will promote economic growth, leading to increased energy consumption. Therefore, the influence of technical advances. Ring direction depends on the size of the effect of two kinds of second, this paper uses DEA method to measure the national and three regions contain undesirable outputs of total factor energy efficiency. The study found that in the study period, China's total factor energy efficiency of the overall level is low, and there is a declining trend. In the East, and the total factor the energy efficiency of western significant unbalanced development, the eastern region of energy efficiency is relatively high, the lowest. Nakabe Jinno, but a decline in energy efficiency in the range of central, the largest decline, that is central in key areas of energy conservation and emission reduction in China. Finally, this paper uses the provincial panel data in China, using Tobit model to analyze the effects of environmental regulation on total factor energy efficiency, further in consideration of China's fiscal decentralization and performance evaluation under the background of environmental regulation and government intervention on environmental regulation policies work together on all elements The impact of energy efficiency. The empirical test shows that: 1) whether in the short or long term, environmental regulation can improve the total factor energy efficiency. But in three regions were tested, showed there was significant difference between the impact of environmental regulation on three regions. The impact of environmental regulation on central at the 1% level significantly that is, in the middle to increase the intensity of environmental regulation is conducive to the improvement of total factor energy efficiency; to the East, the current impact of environmental regulation on total factor energy efficiency is positive, but in the lag two period, which is a significant negative effect on total factor energy efficiency, indicating that in the long run, environmental regulation will restrain the East factor energy efficiency improvement; the impact of environmental regulation on total factor energy efficiency in the west is in the short term, in the long term is not significant, and in the three regions, the minimal impact that environmental regulation in the West Total factor energy efficiency effect.2) technological progress in the short term, due to the presence of strong technology "rebound effect", will inhibit the improvement of total factor energy efficiency, but in the long term impact on the total factor energy efficiency is.3) in the short term, increase the proportion of the second industry, will inhibit the improvement of total factor energy efficiency, but with the transformation of industrial structure, technology and equipment update, the industrial structure is beginning to have an impact on.4 total factor energy efficiency) of government intervention in environmental regulation policy, whether in the short or long term, impact on the total factor energy efficiency is negative. This shows that the government will intervene effect total factor energy efficiency. But other factors will also affect government intervention will inhibit environmental regulation in a certain extent promotes environmental regulation policy, but will make the technological progress and industrial structure Negative to positive effect. At the same time, the differences of three major areas of influence, the negative influence of government intervention on the east of central China, the largest, has a guiding role in the industrial upgrading, and the technological progress and industrial upgrading have a certain role in promoting.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X24;F206;F224

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