城镇污水处理设施运行效率及其规模效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 15:45

本文选题：污水处理设施　切入点：运行效率　出处：《中央财经大学学报》2016年04期

【摘要】：污水处理设施运行效率的定量评价及其规模效应研究是当前备受关注的问题。笔者基于全要素生产率框架,采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法构建了污水处理设施运行效率评价模型,以固定资产总额、年运行费用、污水处理人员数和年耗电量为投入变量,以污水年处理量、BOD5和氨氮削减量为产出变量,对2014年我国315座排放标准为一级且处理工艺相同的污水处理设施进行效率评价,进而对运行效率和设计处理能力之间的关系进行检验,并对样本的投入冗余和产出不足情况进行定量分析。研究发现:有32个样本的运行效率达到相对最优,可成为其余效率不足样本改进的标杆;有10个样本纯技术效率有效但规模效率无效,需改进其规模;DEA无效样本中规模报酬状态为递增的占70.0%,表明我国污水处理行业总体上处于规模收益递增的发展阶段;通过Kruskal-Wallis检验发现,样本污水处理设施具有规模效应,规模越大的运行效率越高;283个DEA无效样本存在不同程度的投入冗余和产出不足,是今后进行效率改进的重点对象。
[Abstract]:Quantitative assessment of facility operation efficiency and scale effect of sewage is the problem of concern. The total factor productivity framework based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to construct the evaluation model of sewage treatment facilities operating efficiency, with the total amount of fixed assets, the annual operating cost, power consumption for the input variables and staff years of sewage treatment the annual handling capacity, sewage, BOD5 and ammonia reduction of output variables, the 315 emission standards in 2014 China's sewage treatment facilities and a treatment process of efficiency evaluation, and to test the relationship between the operation efficiency and design capacity, and input redundancy and output deficiency of samples quantitative analysis. The study found that: the efficiency of 32 samples is relatively optimal, the rest can be improved the efficiency of sample benchmark; 10 samples of pure technology But the efficiency of scale inefficiency, need to improve its size; DEA is invalid for increasing returns to scale state sample accounted for 70%, indicating that the industry is generally in the development stage of increasing returns to scale of sewage treatment in our country; the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the samples of sewage treatment facilities, with economies of scale, the larger the operating efficiency is higher; 283 DEA samples are invalid input redundancy and output in different degree, is the focus of improving efficiency.

【作者单位】：中国人民大学环境学院;
【基金】：中国人民大学科学研究基金“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”(项目编号:15XNH043)
【分类号】：F299.24

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