改革开放以来我国就业政策的演变及经验研究

发布时间：2018-04-07 17:13

本文选题：改革开放　切入点：中国　出处：《渤海大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：就业问题是关系到国计民生的重要问题,因此受到中国共产党和政府的高度重视。改革开放以来,根据社会发展的实际,我国就业政策的演变先后经历了三个阶段。1978年至1992年间,随着改革开放的不断深化,我国冲破了原有的“统包统配”的就业政策,主要实施了在“三结合”就业方针指导下的多元就业政策。一方面,我国提出建立劳动合同制、同时改革招工与用工制度,并采取多种鼓励政策支持多种经济形式的发展,达到了拓宽就业渠道的目的;另一方面,打破了对农村劳动力向城市流动的限制,加大对乡镇企业的支持,实现了挖掘农村就业潜力的目标。1992年至2002年间,我国主要采取了“就业市场化”与“实施再就业工程”相结合的就业政策。既包括针对下岗失业人员实施的“再就业工程”,又包括为了适应经济体制变革而初步建立的就业市场化政策,同时进一步放宽对农村劳动力流动的限制,使劳动力跨地区有序流动。2002年至今我国实施的是集“就业促进、就业扶持、社会保障、就业服务”四位一体的具有中国特色的积极就业政策。其中包括支持经济发展、鼓励全民创业的就业促进政策;扶持重点人群、实施“三条社会保障线”的扶持与保障政策;构建就业信息网络、完善就业服务机构的服务政策。我国就业政策的演变是多种因素综合作用的结果。其中对马克思主义就业理论认识的不断深化是就业政策演变的理论基础,中国共产党执政理念的升华是其演变的政治因素,经济体制的深刻变革是其演变的经济根源,就业意识的转变是其演变的思想根源,社会阶层的分化与社会分工的发展则是其演变的社会根源。回顾我国改革开放以来就业政策的发展历程,总结其制定和实施过程中的经验教训,我们在今后应该进一步把握下列问题:“以人为本、统筹兼顾”是就业政策制定的宗旨;科学发展经济、合理调整产业结构是就业政策制定的依据;建立就业预警、评估系统是就业政策制定的前提;健全法律法规、提升就业细化度是就业政策落实的保障;全社会协同、打造良性就业市场是就业政策实施的目标。
[Abstract]:Employment is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood, so the CPC and the government attach great importance to it.Since the reform and opening up, according to the reality of social development, the evolution of China's employment policy has undergone three stages. Between 1978 and 1992, with the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, China broke through the original employment policy of "unified package distribution".The main implementation of the "three-combination" employment policy under the guidance of multiple employment policy.On the one hand, China proposes to establish a labor contract system, at the same time reform the system of recruitment and employment, and adopt a variety of incentives to support the development of a variety of economic forms, to achieve the purpose of widening employment channels; on the other hand,It has broken down the restrictions on the migration of rural labor to cities, increased its support to township enterprises, and achieved the goal of tapping the rural employment potential.Our country mainly adopts the employment policy of "employment marketization" and "implementing re-employment project".It includes not only the "re-employment project" for laid-off and unemployed persons, but also the market-oriented employment policy initially established to adapt to the changes in the economic system, as well as the further relaxation of restrictions on the flow of rural labor.From 2002 to now, China has implemented an active employment policy with Chinese characteristics which integrates "employment promotion, employment support, social security and employment service".These policies include the employment promotion policy of supporting economic development and encouraging all people to start a business; supporting key people and implementing the support and security policy of "three social security lines"; constructing the employment information network and perfecting the service policies of employment service institutions.The evolution of our country's employment policy is the result of the comprehensive action of many factors.The deepening of the understanding of Marxist employment theory is the theoretical basis of the evolution of employment policy, the sublimation of the ruling concept of the Communist Party of China is the political factor of its evolution, and the profound reform of the economic system is the economic root of its evolution.The transformation of employment consciousness is the ideological root of its evolution, while the differentiation of social stratum and the development of social division of labor are the social roots of its evolution.Reviewing the development course of employment policy since reform and opening up in China, and summarizing the experience and lessons in its formulation and implementation, we should further grasp the following problems in the future: "people-oriented, overall consideration" is the purpose of employment policy formulation;Scientific development of economy, reasonable adjustment of industrial structure is the basis of employment policy formulation; establishing employment warning and evaluation system is the premise of employment policy formulation; perfecting laws and regulations, improving employment refinement is the guarantee of employment policy implementation;The goal of implementing employment policy is to create a healthy employment market in coordination with the whole society.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F249.2

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