基于DEA法的中国上市物流企业效率评价

发布时间：2018-05-24 21:40

本文选题：物流企业 + DEA　；参考：《江西财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济社会的不断发展,物流业在国民经济发展中的地位愈显突出。物流业涉及领域广,吸纳就业人数多,促进生产、拉动消费作用大,对正处于经济转型期的我国而言,发挥着极其重要的作用。近些年,政府也在政策上不断支持发展物流产业,给我国物流业的发展提供了良好的环境。但是在我国物流业取得迅速发展的同时,物流产业成本居高不下,企业管理经营效率不高慢慢成为物流业发展的阻碍。为了更深入了解我国物流业效率情况,本文选用上市物流企业的效率研究来反映整体物流企业的发展情况,进而对我国物流业发展提出相关建议。首先,本文基于国内外学者对物流企业效率的研究成果,总结现有关于物流企业效率研究方法、指标选择以及影响因素三方面的研究现状。发现在指标选择、影响因素分析的研究都存在较大的分歧。在方法选择上,存在非参数法、参数法以及其它相关统计方法;在指标选择上,针对不同的标准、站在不同的角度也有不同指标体系选择;影响因素分析上,国内外学者也存在不同见解,定性分析较多,数据获取难使得影响因素的数据验证较为困难。其次,为了选取合适的研究方法,本文对上市物流企业效率研究方法进行了深入分析,对比各参数法与非参数法之间的差别,最终选取DEA方法处理上市物流企业多投入-多产出问题。在指标选取上,本文选取了固定资产净额、员工人数、主营业务成本、管理费用作为投入指标,选取主营业务收入、税后利润总额作为产出指标。在样本选择上,本文遵循DEA方法对数据的要求,选择了18家上市物流企业进行分析,其中9家企业为港口类,9家为运输仓储类。再次,通过对数据的描述性统计分析和DEA静态效率分析,对物流企业经营效率情况做一个大致的了解。再通过纯技术效率和规模效率分析,进一步发现2009年的技术效率平均值明显比其他年份更低。为了深究其发展趋势,运用Malmquist指数对企业的动态效率进行了测度,发现不仅2009年是一个效率低点,2012年也是一个效率低点,再通过全要素生产率指数及其分解指标的分析,发现两个效率低点分别是由规模效率变动指数下降以及技术进步指数下降导致的。此外,本文不仅在动态和静态上对企业效率进行分析,还分区域、分企业类型对上市物流企业进行分析,并得到相关结论。最后,根据分析结果,本文对我国上市物流企业提出了纯技术效率、技术水平、规模效率三方面的建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the position of logistics industry in the development of national economy is more and more prominent. The logistics industry involves a wide range of fields, absorbs a large number of employed people, promotes production and stimulates consumption, and plays an extremely important role in China, which is in the economic transition period. In recent years, the government has been supporting the development of logistics industry in policy, which provides a good environment for the development of logistics industry in China. However, with the rapid development of logistics industry in our country, the high cost of logistics industry and the low efficiency of enterprise management are becoming obstacles to the development of logistics industry. In order to better understand the efficiency of logistics industry in China, this paper chooses the efficiency study of listed logistics enterprises to reflect the overall development of logistics enterprises, and then puts forward relevant suggestions for the development of logistics industry in China. Firstly, based on the research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the efficiency of logistics enterprises, this paper summarizes the existing research on the efficiency of logistics enterprises in three aspects: research methods, selection of indicators and influencing factors. It is found that there are many differences in the choice of indicators and the analysis of influencing factors. In the selection of methods, there are non-parametric methods, parametric methods and other related statistical methods; in the selection of indicators, according to different standards, stand in different angles, there are different index system selection; factors analysis, Scholars at home and abroad also have different views, there are many qualitative analysis, data acquisition is difficult to make the factors of data validation is more difficult. Secondly, in order to select the appropriate research methods, this paper makes a deep analysis of the efficiency research methods of listed logistics enterprises, and compares the differences between the parametric method and the non-parametric method. Finally, DEA method is selected to deal with the multi-input-multi-output problem of listed logistics enterprises. In the index selection, this paper selects the net fixed assets, the number of employees, the main business cost, the management cost as the input index, the main business income and the total profit after tax as the output index. In the aspect of sample selection, according to the data requirement of DEA method, this paper selects 18 listed logistics enterprises to analyze, of which 9 enterprises are port type and 9 are transportation and warehousing. Thirdly, through the descriptive statistical analysis of the data and the static efficiency analysis of DEA, this paper makes a general understanding of the operating efficiency of logistics enterprises. Through the analysis of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, it is further found that the average technical efficiency in 2009 is obviously lower than that in other years. In order to study its development trend, this paper uses Malmquist index to measure the dynamic efficiency of enterprises. It is found that 2009 is not only an efficiency low point, but also an efficiency low point in 2012. Then the total factor productivity index and its decomposition index are analyzed. It is found that the two efficiency lows are caused by the decline of the scale efficiency index and the decline of the technological progress index respectively. In addition, this paper not only analyzes the efficiency of enterprises in the dynamic and static state, but also analyzes the listed logistics enterprises by region and type, and obtains the relevant conclusions. Finally, according to the analysis results, this paper puts forward three suggestions on pure technical efficiency, technical level and scale efficiency for Chinese listed logistics enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F259.23

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