非正式经济及其治理:上海“黑车”的案例

发布时间：2018-05-25 07:22

本文选题：非正式经济 + 治理　；参考：《广东社会科学》2016年03期

【摘要】：基于上海的实地观察和非正式访谈,借助卡斯特尔与Portes的非正式经济理论框架,本文主张:上海的"黑车"实际上是正规出租车服务之外的非正式经济或非正规就业的重要组成部分,它更多的是社会经济地位低下、自我发展机会微弱的外来农民工、本地下岗职工在大都市生存和发展的应对策略和经济活动方式。作为社会结构中占据支配地位的强大力量,政府和官方主流媒体比较成功地把"黑车"司机及其服务污名化为麻烦制造者、越轨和失范,并加以压制和打击。这种治理术,尤其是其中的钓鱼执法,在缺乏科学调查研究的前提下,在供给者和消费者的声音并没有得到充分表达的情况下,把正式经济、非正式经济、犯罪经济之间彼此转化和变通的灵活关系机械地视为非此即彼、非白即黑的二元对立关系,既挤压了这些弱势群体生存和发展的空间,又极大伤害了民间社会的活力和基础——互助互济与互信。在互联网专车与共享经济的背景下,这一发现的政策意涵在于,决策者、官员和执法者接纳和认可"黑车",远比将之非法化并加以整治和打击更有意义、更可取。
[Abstract]:Based on Shanghai's field observation and informal interview, with the help of the informal economic theoretical framework of Castle and Portes, this paper argues that the "black car" in Shanghai is actually an important part of informal or informal employment outside the formal taxi service, which is more of a low social and economic status and a weak opportunity for self development. As a powerful force in the social structure, the government and the official mainstream media have successfully stigmatized the "black car" driver and its services into a troublesome maker, and it has been repressed and attacked by the government and the official mainstream media, as a powerful force in the social structure. Under the premise of lack of scientific investigation and research, under the condition that the sound of the supplier and the consumer is not fully expressed, the flexible relations between the formal economy, the informal economy and the criminal economy are regarded as either the other or the other, the non white or black two yuan antagonism, under the condition of lack of scientific investigation and research. It has not only squeezed the space for the survival and development of these disadvantaged groups, but also greatly hurt the vitality and foundation of civil society - mutual assistance and mutual trust. In the context of Internet special vehicles and shared economy, the policy implication of this discovery is that policymakers, officials and law enforcers accept and recognised "black cars", far more illegal and than they are. It is more meaningful and advisable to renovate and strike.
【作者单位】：上海大学社会学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“农民工非正规就业问题的形成机制与分类治理研究”(项目号14CSH068)的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：F203

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