我国可再生能源补贴在SCM协定下的合规性研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 02:19

本文选题：可再生能源 + 反补贴　；参考：《上海大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：能源是社会经济发展的基础,也是世界各国一直关注的焦点。出于缓解能源的供需矛盾和减少温室气体排放的目的,各国纷纷发展可再生能源产业来替代传统能源。可再生能源产业前期投资成本大,需要高科技支持,离不开国家对可再生能源产业的扶持和财政补贴。但在可再生能源产品设备的国际贸易过程中,由我国可再生能源补贴而引发的反补贴调查越来越常见,给相关企业带了巨大冲击。对此,本文将对我国可再生能源补贴措施在WTO框架下SCM协定的合规性进行分析,找出违反SCM协定的补贴措施,避免我国可再生能源产业遭受进一步的反补贴调查,也给企业应对反补贴调查提供一定的借鉴。从WTO争端解决机构对我国可再生能源贸易纠纷的裁决来看,国有企业的认定问题和外部基准的选择问题一直是界定补贴措施时争论的焦点。本文结合SCM协定对补贴的认定规则,对我国现有上网电价制度、可再生能源配额制、税收优惠政策、优惠贷款政策等进行合规性分析,找出其中直接或可能违反SCM协定的地方。同时欧美国家的可再生能源补贴制度发展较为完备,在立法中直接规定了具有约束性的可再生能源发展目标和科学严谨的补贴制度值得我国学习,从而为我国提高可再生能源补贴立法水平提供借鉴,减少反补贴调查风险。针对我国可再生能源补贴中存在的问题,本文提出三个解决途径。首先,更改直接与SCM协定相冲突的补贴措施,避免制定法律或事实上具有专向性的补贴,更要防止补贴措施以本地成分或出口实绩作为授予补贴的条件。另外还要加快完善我国可再生能源上网电价制度和配额制度,从我国可再生能源产业发展现状出发,借鉴欧美国家可再生能源补贴制度,制定出操作性强、完备的配套制度。其次,扩大SCM协定下可再生能源补贴的合规空间,使其在一定条件下符合SCM协定规定。最后,在我国“一带一路”新战略的引导下,发展国际间的能源合作机制,建设可再生能源基础设施,扩展我国可再生能源产业的国际贸易。在此发展过程中可以逐步减少我国可再生能源补贴数量,或设立不违背SCM协定的可再生能源补贴,或通过可再生能源双边或多边合作协议,以期补贴能在一定区域内合法化,并尽早实现可再生能源补贴的全部退出。
[Abstract]:Energy is the foundation of social and economic development and the focus of attention all over the world. In order to alleviate the contradiction of energy supply and demand and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, countries have developed renewable energy industry to replace traditional energy. The investment cost of renewable energy industry is large, and it needs high-tech support, which can not be separated from the support and financial subsidy of the state to the renewable energy industry. However, in the process of international trade in renewable energy products and equipment, countervailing investigations caused by renewable energy subsidies in China are becoming more and more common, which brings a great impact to related enterprises. In this paper, we will analyze the compliance of China's renewable energy subsidy measures under the WTO framework, find out the subsidy measures that violate the SCM agreement, and avoid further countervailing investigations into the renewable energy industry in China. Also provide certain reference for enterprises to countervailing investigation. Judging from the WTO dispute settlement body's decision on the renewable energy trade dispute in China, the issue of the determination of state-owned enterprises and the choice of external benchmarks has always been the focus of controversy in the definition of subsidy measures. Based on the rules of SCM agreement on subsidy, this paper analyzes the regulations of China's current electricity price system, renewable energy quota system, preferential tax policy and preferential loan policy, and finds out the places where the SCM agreement may be violated directly or possibly. At the same time, the renewable energy subsidy system in Europe and the United States is relatively complete. In the legislation, it has directly stipulated the binding renewable energy development goal and the scientific and rigorous subsidy system, which is worthy of our country to learn. So it can provide reference for our country to improve the legislation level of renewable energy subsidies and reduce the risk of countervailing investigation. In view of the problems existing in renewable energy subsidies in China, this paper puts forward three solutions. First, we should change the subsidy measures that conflict directly with the SCM agreement, avoid enacting laws or subsidies that are specific in fact, and prevent subsidies from being granted on the condition of local content or export performance. In addition, it is necessary to speed up the improvement of the electricity price system and quota system of renewable energy in our country. Based on the present situation of renewable energy industry in China, we should draw lessons from the renewable energy subsidy system in Europe and the United States, and formulate a strong operational and complete supporting system. Secondly, the compliance space of renewable energy subsidies under SCM agreement should be expanded to comply with SCM agreement under certain conditions. Finally, under the guidance of the new strategy of "Belt and Road", we should develop the international energy cooperation mechanism, build the renewable energy infrastructure, and expand the international trade of our renewable energy industry. In the course of this development, we can gradually reduce the number of renewable energy subsidies in our country, or establish renewable energy subsidies that do not contravene the SCM agreement, or through bilateral or multilateral cooperation agreements on renewable energy, with a view to legalizing the subsidies in a given region. And as soon as possible to achieve the full withdrawal of renewable energy subsidies.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F206

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