收入分配合理化视角下江西城乡就业结构优化的机制与路径研究
发布时间：2018-08-23 08:53
【摘要】：发展经济学家普遍认为,城乡二元结构必然导致就业结构失衡、收入差距拉大等经济现象。江西经济发展历程,其实质正是城乡二元结构逐渐向城乡一体化演进的过程。2013年,江西劳动力资源总数为3524.7万人,劳动力资源总数占人口数比重为77.9%,城镇就业人口为934.94万,乡村就业人口为1653.78万,江西三次产业的产值比重分别为11.4:53.5:35.1,二、三产业逐渐成为拉动经济增长的主力,但是在就业吸纳能力方面,三次产业的就业比重为31.7:31.8:36.5;2013年,江西人均国民生产总值31777元,2013年,城镇居民人均可支配收入是农村居民人均纯收入的2.54倍,两者绝对差达到13092元,居民收入增长较快,但城乡收入差距显著。本文首先对城乡就业与收入分配的理论基础展开论述,然后分别对江西城乡就业和收入分配的现状、特征以及演化趋势进行研究,并分析城乡就业与收入分配的影响因素。根据统计数据,构建回归模型,实证分析江西城乡就业结构因素对城乡收入分配的影响程度;在此基础上,研究得出收入分配合理化视角下城乡就业结构优化的路径选择、机制构建,并提出相应的政策建议。研究表明,江西就业结构趋向“三二一”产业结构演化,城乡收入差距显著。就业结构与产业结构、城镇化水平都对城乡收入差距具有显著的影响,其中第一产业就业比重、第三产业产值比重对城乡收入差距具有显著的较大反向作用;第三产业就业比重、城镇化水平对城乡收入差距则具有显著的较小反向作用;而第二产业产值比重对城乡收入差距具有显著的较大正向作用。此外,环鄱阳湖地区居民收入泰尔指数呈现上升趋势,赣南地区居民收入泰尔指数则呈现下降趋势,赣西地区居民收入泰尔指数先降后升,赣中地区居民收入泰尔指数先升后降。因此,江西要优化城乡就业结构、缩小城乡收入分配差距,需加快城乡劳动力市场一体化建设步伐,消除户籍制度等二元体制性障碍,加大城乡人力资本积累,促进产业升级。
[Abstract]:Development economists generally believe that the dual structure of urban and rural areas will inevitably lead to imbalance of employment structure, widening income gap and other economic phenomena. The essence of Jiangxi's economic development is the gradual evolution of urban-rural dual structure to urban-rural integration. In 2013, the total number of labor resources in Jiangxi was 35.247 million, the proportion of total labor resources to population was 77.9, and the urban employment population was 9.3494 million. The rural employment population is 16.5378 million, and the proportion of the output value of the three industries in Jiangxi is 11.4: 53.5: 35.1.The second and third industries gradually become the main force in stimulating economic growth. However, in terms of employment absorption capacity, the employment ratio of the three industries is 31.731. 8: 36.5; in 2013, The per capita gross national product of Jiangxi is 31777 yuan. In 2013, the per capita disposable income of urban residents is 2.54 times of that of rural residents. The absolute difference between the two is 13092 yuan. The income of residents increases rapidly, but the income gap between urban and rural areas is significant. This paper first discusses the theoretical basis of urban and rural employment and income distribution, then studies the present situation, characteristics and evolution trend of urban and rural employment and income distribution in Jiangxi Province, and analyzes the influencing factors of urban and rural employment and income distribution. According to the statistical data, build regression model, empirical analysis of the impact of urban and rural employment structure factors on urban and rural income distribution in Jiangxi Province, on the basis of this, the study of income distribution under the perspective of rational perspective of urban and rural employment structure optimization path choice. The mechanism is constructed, and the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward. The research shows that the employment structure of Jiangxi tends to the evolution of "March 21" industrial structure, and the income gap between urban and rural areas is significant. The employment structure, industrial structure and urbanization level have a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas, among which the proportion of employment in the primary industry and the proportion of the output value of the tertiary industry have a significant negative effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas. The proportion of employment in the tertiary industry and the level of urbanization have a significant negative effect on the urban-rural income gap, while the proportion of the output value of the secondary industry has a significant positive effect on the urban-rural income gap. In addition, the Taer index of residents' income in the area around Poyang Lake shows an upward trend, while the index of residents' income in southern Jiangxi shows a downward trend. The index of residents' income in the western region of Jiangxi decreases first and then rises. The index of income of residents in central Jiangxi Province rose first and then decreased. Therefore, in order to optimize the structure of urban and rural employment and narrow the gap between urban and rural income distribution, Jiangxi should speed up the construction of urban-rural labor market integration, eliminate the dual system obstacles, such as household registration system, increase the accumulation of human capital in urban and rural areas, and promote industrial upgrading.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F249.27
本文编号：2198538
[Abstract]:Development economists generally believe that the dual structure of urban and rural areas will inevitably lead to imbalance of employment structure, widening income gap and other economic phenomena. The essence of Jiangxi's economic development is the gradual evolution of urban-rural dual structure to urban-rural integration. In 2013, the total number of labor resources in Jiangxi was 35.247 million, the proportion of total labor resources to population was 77.9, and the urban employment population was 9.3494 million. The rural employment population is 16.5378 million, and the proportion of the output value of the three industries in Jiangxi is 11.4: 53.5: 35.1.The second and third industries gradually become the main force in stimulating economic growth. However, in terms of employment absorption capacity, the employment ratio of the three industries is 31.731. 8: 36.5; in 2013, The per capita gross national product of Jiangxi is 31777 yuan. In 2013, the per capita disposable income of urban residents is 2.54 times of that of rural residents. The absolute difference between the two is 13092 yuan. The income of residents increases rapidly, but the income gap between urban and rural areas is significant. This paper first discusses the theoretical basis of urban and rural employment and income distribution, then studies the present situation, characteristics and evolution trend of urban and rural employment and income distribution in Jiangxi Province, and analyzes the influencing factors of urban and rural employment and income distribution. According to the statistical data, build regression model, empirical analysis of the impact of urban and rural employment structure factors on urban and rural income distribution in Jiangxi Province, on the basis of this, the study of income distribution under the perspective of rational perspective of urban and rural employment structure optimization path choice. The mechanism is constructed, and the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward. The research shows that the employment structure of Jiangxi tends to the evolution of "March 21" industrial structure, and the income gap between urban and rural areas is significant. The employment structure, industrial structure and urbanization level have a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas, among which the proportion of employment in the primary industry and the proportion of the output value of the tertiary industry have a significant negative effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas. The proportion of employment in the tertiary industry and the level of urbanization have a significant negative effect on the urban-rural income gap, while the proportion of the output value of the secondary industry has a significant positive effect on the urban-rural income gap. In addition, the Taer index of residents' income in the area around Poyang Lake shows an upward trend, while the index of residents' income in southern Jiangxi shows a downward trend. The index of residents' income in the western region of Jiangxi decreases first and then rises. The index of income of residents in central Jiangxi Province rose first and then decreased. Therefore, in order to optimize the structure of urban and rural employment and narrow the gap between urban and rural income distribution, Jiangxi should speed up the construction of urban-rural labor market integration, eliminate the dual system obstacles, such as household registration system, increase the accumulation of human capital in urban and rural areas, and promote industrial upgrading.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F249.27
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