我国开展以房养老中的政府角色定位研究

发布时间：2019-01-08 13:02

【摘要】：近年来,随着经济的长足发展和医疗水平的逐步提高,我国人口预期寿命不断延长,目前正在不可避免地迈向深度老龄化社会,养老成为国家、家庭、个人面临的一大难题。然而,家庭结构的改变使得传统“养儿防老”的家庭养老模式难以为继,国家提供的养老保险仅覆盖劳动群体、保障其基本生活需求,而蓬勃兴起的商业寿险只保障较高收入的群体。在这种情况下,以房养老作为一种新兴的养老模式,为我国养老问题的解决提供了一种新思路。从世界各国推行以房养老模式的实际情况来看,政府责任的定位对于以房养老的成熟发展十分重要。然而,以房养老在我国的实践时间短,自推行以来,政府在其中应该扮演何种角色一直没有得到明确的解答。政府责任定位不明,不利于建立以房养老健康运行的健全的外部环境,更会使得新兴的以房养老模式无法发挥缓解养老压力的积极功效。本文运用文献研究法、比较分析法、跨学科研究法,对我国开展以房养老模式过程中的政府角色定位进行了比较深入的研究。首先,要研究以房养老的发展过程中政府角色的定位,必须明确以房养老和政府角色的含义。本文对以房养老的定义、意义和理论依据作出说明,并给出了政府参与以房养老的理论依据。其次,我国有实施基础、市场条件、技术支持三方面的以房养老开展优势,通过梳理我国社会层面的“试水”和政府层面的初步政策支持等实践,认为我国以房养老之所以发展缓慢和政府缺位有很大关系,具体而言,政府缺位主要有四大方面：立法缺位、风险分担缺位、相关配套体系缺位、宣传缺位。第三,国际上已有多个国家实践了以房养老。其中,美国以房养老的运作最为成功；而英国由于政府既没有制定相关的政策法规,也未进行有效监管,老年人参与的积极性始终不高。通过对美、英以房养老模式所作的简要介绍,笔者从政府角色角度对两国进行了比较,认为美国政府承担了制度支持、立法保障、风险分担和监管的责任,而英国政府却未能做到,导致其以房养老模式的失败。最后,结合我国实际情况,笔者认为,在我国以房养老模式发展的政府角色扮演方面,政府应起主导、服务作用,具体来说,应扮演引导者、支持者和监督者的角色,为以房养老的发展创造有利的环境。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the gradual improvement of medical treatment level, the life expectancy of the population in our country has been continuously prolonged. At present, it is inevitable to move towards a deeply aging society, and the old-age support has become a big problem for the country, family and individual. However, the change of family structure makes it difficult to sustain the traditional family old-age support model of "raising children and preventing old age". The old-age insurance provided by the state covers only the working groups to ensure their basic living needs. The booming commercial life insurance only protects the higher income groups. In this case, taking housing as a new pension model provides a new way to solve the pension problem in China. From the view of the actual situation that countries all over the world carry out the mode of providing for the aged with housing, the orientation of government responsibility is very important for the mature development of providing for the aged with housing. However, the practice of housing for the aged in China is short. Since its implementation, the government has not been given a clear answer as to what role it should play. The unclear position of government responsibility is not conducive to the establishment of a sound external environment for the healthy operation of housing for the aged, and it will make the emerging model of providing for the aged with housing unable to play a positive role in alleviating the pressure of providing for the aged. This paper makes a deep research on the role of the government in the process of providing for the aged with housing by using the methods of literature research, comparative analysis and interdisciplinary research. First of all, in order to study the role of government in the development of housing for the aged, it is necessary to define the meaning of housing for the aged and the role of government. In this paper, the definition, significance and theoretical basis of housing for the aged are explained, and the theoretical basis of government participation in providing for the aged by housing is given. Secondly, our country has three aspects of implementation basis, market conditions, technical support, housing endowment development advantages, by combing the social level of our country "water trial" and the government level of preliminary policy support and other practices. It is believed that the slow development of housing for the aged in our country has a great relationship with the absence of government. Specifically, there are four main aspects of the absence of government: legislative vacancy, risk sharing vacancy, absence of relevant supporting system, and absence of propaganda. Third, there have been many countries in the international practice of housing pension. Among them, the United States is the most successful in the operation of housing for the aged; but because the government has not made relevant policies and regulations, and has not carried out effective supervision, the enthusiasm of the elderly to participate has not always been high. Through a brief introduction to the model of the United States and the United Kingdom, the author compares the two countries from the perspective of the role of the government, and holds that the United States government has taken on the responsibility of institutional support, legislative protection, risk sharing and supervision. But the British government failed to do so, leading to the failure of its housing pension model. Finally, according to the actual situation of our country, the author thinks that the government should play a leading and service role in the development of the housing old-age model in China, and specifically, it should play the role of guide, supporter and supervisor. For the development of housing endowment to create a favourable environment.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F299.23;D669.6

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