行业协会的组织边界与市场准入机制分析

发布时间：2019-06-07 19:45

【摘要】：随着新一轮的政府经济体制改革和社会体制改革的深入进行,政府职能转变和社会治理领域制度创新的不断深入,社会团体发挥作用的空间日益显现。但是由于历史和体制方面的原因,我国《社会团体登记管理条例》规定成立社会团体“应当经其业务主管单位审查同意”和在同一行政区域内,没有必要成立“已有业务范围相同或者相似的社会团体”,造成的局面是隶属于社会团体的行业协会受到“双重管理体制”和“一地一会,一业一会”制度的约束。“一地一会,一业一会”制度,造成了我国行业协会独家垄断的局面,致使行业协会服务经济发展的功能并未得到有效发挥。2013年3月出台的《国务院办公厅关于实施国务院机构改革和职能转变方案任务分工的通知》(后文简称《通知》)中明确指出：应“逐步推进行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩”,并确定一批行业协会商会“试点一业多会”,同时对行业协会商会“实行民政部门直接登记制度”。这标志着我国行业协会的管理体制有望告别“双重管理体制”和“一业一会”的制约。《通知》出台后,多数城市相继推出最新的行业协会管理办法,积极进行行业协会管理探索,综合比较这些城市最新的行业协会管理办法,可以发现各城市允许成立的行业协会数量大有不同,同时也有部分城市依旧执行《社会团体登记条例》中旧有的行业协会“一业一会”的管理规定。对行业协会应该实施“一业一会”还是“一业多会”,本研究认为首先要厘清行业协会的最优组织边界,也就是行业协会包含多少家会员企业时,行业内各经济主体的利益达到最大。具体到不同的市场结构中,由于行业中企业的数量、规模等因素都会影响企业参与或退出行业协会的决策,所以有必要把行业协会最优组织边界应用到具体的市场结构中来。为此本研究第三章中首先论证了行业协会存在的降低交易成本的经济学依据,得出行业协会存在的必要性。然后对行业协会提供的产品按照排他性和竞用性进行分类,并依据行业协会供给的产品类型,将行业协会分为三种不同的类型,包括公共产品型行业协会、俱乐部产品型行业协会和混合产品型行业协会。在前人研究的基础上,本研究论证了这三种类型行业协会的最优组织边界,即一个行业协会包含多少家会员企业时,行业协会中的会员企业收益达到最大。在第四章中首先分析了数量众多同质性企业市场结构特点,然后由行业中企业数量和行业协会最优组织边界,推出行业协会数量与行业中成员企业数量的定量关系,从而得出一个行业中最优的行业协会数量,又由于该市场中企业的同质性,企业在想获得行业协会收益的同时,存在不愿为行业协会成立支出费用的搭便车行为,为此,本研究提出在该市场中政府应主导成立行业协会的政策建议；同样的在垄断竞争市场中,行业中企业成员数量是决定行业协会数量的一大因素,但是垄断竞争市场结构中,企业之间的异质性导致行业协会中存在大企业控制问题,这时成立代表中小企业利益的行业协会成为必然。根据本研究对三种类型行业协会组织边界的分析以及两种不同市场结构下行业协会的市场准入研究,本研究认为：第一,行业协会市场准入标准应依据市场结构的不同而有所不同,不能一概而论。第二,鉴于行业协会存在的降低交易成本作用,本研究提出对于由同质性企业组成的市场,政府应当主导成立行业协会。第三,在由异质性企业组成的垄断竞争市场中,对于现存的大企业控制问题,解决的思路是成立能够代表小企业利益的行业协会。本研究的不足之处在于：第一,通过研读行业协会章程以及参考前人研究成果,本研究将行业协会供给的产品限定在公共产品和俱乐部产品,尽管行业协会也供给私人产品,但由于私人产品的供给比重较小,所以本文并未单独对其进行研究。第二,为克服同质性企业“搭便车”难题,本研究提出由政府替代企业来组建行业协会,要使该政策建议成立的前提条件是：政府成立行业协会支付的成本小于行业中会员企业获得的收益,本研究没有对此前提条件进一步验证,这是本研究的又一个不足之处。第三,本研究只分析了数量众多同质性企业构成的市场和垄断竞争市场中行业协会的市场准入,对于其它市场结构,本研究并没有进行探讨,这也是本研究的一个不足之处。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of the government's economic system and the reform of the social system, the transformation of the government's functions and the deepening of the system of social governance, the space of the social groups is becoming more and more evident. However, due to the historical and institutional reasons, the Regulations on the Administration of the Registration of the Social Groups in China provide for the establishment of the "The consent shall be reviewed by its competent business unit" of the social groups and the establishment of the "a social group that has the same or similar business scope" in the same administrative region, The situation created is that the industry associations affiliated with the social groups are subject to the "dual management system" and the "I'll take a while, one for a while." system. The "I'll take a while, one for a while." system, which has caused the exclusive monopoly of the trade association of our country, The function of the service and economic development of the trade association is not effective. The Circular of the General Office of the State Council in March 2013 on the implementation of the division of work on the reform of the State Council and the transformation of the functions of the functions and functions of the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") clearly states that: the "To step forward the decoupling of the trade association chamber of commerce with the administrative organ" should be taken into account, And the "Pilot one-industry multi-meeting" of a group of trade association chambers of commerce is determined and the "Carry out the direct registration system of the civil affairs department" of the trade association chamber of commerce is also determined. It is a sign that the management system of the trade association of our country is expected to bid farewell to the "dual management system" and the "a business for a while". "After the announcement, most cities have successively introduced the latest industry association management methods, actively engaged in the management and exploration of the trade associations, and comprehensively compared the latest industry association management methods of these cities, and it can be found that the number of trade associations allowed to be established in different cities is greatly different," At the same time, some cities still implement the management regulations of the old industrial association's "a business for a while" in the Social Group Registration Ordinance. If the trade association should implement the "a business for a while" or the "one-industry multi-meeting", the research believes that the best organization boundary of the trade association is first to be determined, and that is, how many member enterprises are included in the trade association, and the interests of the economic entities in the industry reach the maximum. In the different market structure, because the number and scale of the enterprises in the industry influence the decision of the enterprise to participate in or withdraw from the trade association, it is necessary to apply the best organization boundary of the trade association to the specific market structure. In the third chapter of this study, the paper first proves the economic basis of reducing transaction cost in the trade association, and draws the necessity of the trade association. The products provided by the trade association are then classified according to the exclusiveness and the competition, and the trade association is divided into three different types according to the product type supplied by the trade association, including the public product type trade association, the club product type trade association and the mixed product type trade association. On the basis of the previous research, this study demonstrates the best organization boundary of the three types of trade associations, that is, how many member enterprises are included in a trade association, and the income of the member enterprises in the trade association is the largest. in that fourth chap, we first analyze the characteristics of the market structure of the large quantity of the same qualitative enterprise, and then the quantitative relation between the number of the trade association and the number of the member enterprises in the industry is introduced by the number of enterprises in the industry and the optimal organization boundary of the trade association, so as to obtain the optimal number of trade associations in an industry, In this study, the government should take the lead in the policy suggestion of the establishment of the trade association; in the same way, in the monopoly competition market, the number of the enterprises in the industry is a major factor in determining the number of the trade associations, but in the structure of the monopoly competition market, The heterogeneity of the enterprise leads to the problem of large enterprise control in the trade association, and the establishment of a trade association representing the interests of the small and medium-sized enterprises is inevitable. According to the analysis of the organizational boundaries of the three types of trade associations and the market access research of the trade associations under the two different market structures, the first, the market access standards of the trade associations should be different according to the market structure and cannot be generalized. Second, in view of the reduced transaction cost of the trade association, the research put forward that the government should lead the establishment of the trade association for the market composed of the same-quality enterprises. Third, in the monopoly competition market composed of heterogeneous enterprises, for the existing large-scale enterprise control problem, the solution is to establish a trade association that can represent the interests of small enterprises. The deficiency of this study is that the first, through the study of the association's constitution and the previous research results, this study defines the products supplied by the trade association in the public goods and the club products, although the trade association also supplies the private products, However, since the specific gravity of the private product is small, this paper does not study it separately. Second, in order to overcome the problem of the "hitchhiker" of the same-quality enterprise, the present study proposes that the government replace the enterprise to form the trade association, so that the precondition that the policy is set up is that the cost of the government's establishment of the trade association is less than that obtained by the member enterprises in the industry, This study is not further validated for this prerequisite, which is another disadvantage of this study. Third, the present study only analyzes the market access of the trade associations in the market and the monopoly competition market, which is composed of a large number of homogeneity enterprises, and has not been discussed for other market structures, which is also a deficiency of the research.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F203

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