施工阶段工程造价动态预控方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 09:47

本文选题：施工阶段　切入点：工程造价　出处：《沈阳建筑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在工程项目建设期间,作为建筑产品形成期,施工阶段的现场资源配置引起的工程造价变动很大,作业人员的技术水平、原材料的精确配置、主辅设备的选择,工程赶工导致的工期压缩,是工程造价增大的重要原因。随着建筑施工技术的日益成熟和工程管理手段的不断丰富,工程项目质量、工期、成本等多目标的均衡优化已成为工程造价发展的必然趋势,基于此,如何科学的进行资源配置,如何在工序质量定位基础上规划资源质量等级,提高效率、降低损耗,如何使资源使用效率最大化,工期压缩导致的质量降低幅度最小化,是实现施工阶段工程造价最优化的有效途径。本文总体上立足于工程施工阶段,侧重于人力、物力资源优化配置,借助规划理论实现人力资源和物力资源的具体量化,以期解决资源配置制约工程造价最优化的瓶颈问题；侧重施工阶段工人分级、材料配置、主辅设备协调的综合质量水平,借助规划理论实现资源的具体量化,以期解决基于质量控制的工程造价优化问题；侧重工艺连续、资源匹配、质量合格,借助规划理论对工期进行压缩,让实际工期趋于原工期,实际人工量趋于原计划用量,降低实际造价与原造价幅度差,实现工期压缩导致的工程造价最优化。本文研究内容主要包括如下几个部分：以工程造价控制理论为基础,总结剖析了施工阶段工程造价信息数据控制、预测、调整等方面的研究现状,结合建筑工程施工特点,提出了施工阶段工程造价动态预控理念。结合施工阶段工程造价动态、弹性、系统、信息反馈等控制原理,分析施工阶段工程造价的影响因素,系统阐述了施工阶段工程造价动态控制的流程与环节。借助灰色理论,构建GM(1,1)模型对施工阶段工程造价实时预测,进行偏差分析,及时找出偏差原因,确定动态调整措施。应用规划理论,在考虑人力、物力资源协调均衡的各种约束下,以显性成本与隐性成本最小化为目标函数,建立了基于资源配置的工程造价优化调整模型；在考虑施工作业人员的质量活动能力、设备供应协调度、材料配置水平等各种约束下,兼顾质量合格,以资源用量与质量等级最小化为目标函数,建立了基于工程质量的工程造价优化调整模型；在考虑资源最大使用率、工作面限制、工人用料速度、工艺连续等各种约束下,以工压缩期成本与资源增量最小化为目标函数,建立了基于工期压缩的工程造价优化调整模型。通过实例应用进行对比分析,验证优化后的方案同传统方案相比,显著降低了工程造价,对施工阶段工程造价实践提供了定量优化技术支持。
[Abstract]:During the construction period of the project, as the forming period of the construction products, the site resource allocation in the construction stage caused great changes in the project cost, the technical level of the operators, the accurate allocation of raw materials, the selection of the main and auxiliary equipment, With the maturation of construction technology and the continuous enrichment of engineering management means, the quality of project, the duration of project, the quality of project, the construction period, the quality of the project, the construction period, the quality of the project, the quality of the project, the duration of the project, The balanced optimization of cost and other multi-objective has become an inevitable trend of construction cost development. Based on this, how to scientifically allocate resources, how to plan resource quality grade on the basis of process quality positioning, how to improve efficiency and reduce wastage, etc. How to maximize the efficiency of the use of resources and minimize the reduction of quality caused by the compression of construction period is an effective way to realize the optimization of engineering cost in the construction phase. In order to solve the bottleneck problem which restricts the optimization of project cost, the optimization allocation of material resources is realized with the aid of planning theory, and the workers' grading and material allocation in construction stage are emphasized. In order to solve the problem of engineering cost optimization based on quality control, the coordinated comprehensive quality level of main and auxiliary equipment can be realized by means of planning theory. With the help of the planning theory, the time limit is compressed to make the actual time limit tend to the original time limit, and the actual manpower quantity tends to the original plan amount, so as to reduce the difference between the actual cost and the original cost. The main contents of this paper are as follows: based on the theory of project cost control, this paper summarizes and analyzes the information data control of construction cost in construction stage. According to the characteristics of construction, this paper puts forward the idea of dynamic pre-control of construction cost in construction stage, combining with the control principles of construction cost dynamics, elasticity, system, information feedback and so on. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of engineering cost in construction stage, and expounds systematically the process and link of dynamic control of project cost in construction stage. With the help of grey theory, the author constructs GM1 / 1) model to predict the construction cost in real time and analyzes the deviation of the construction cost in real time. To find out the cause of deviation in time, to determine the dynamic adjustment measures. Under the constraints of considering the balance of manpower and material resources, the objective function is to minimize the explicit cost and implicit cost. The optimization and adjustment model of engineering cost based on resource allocation is established, which takes into account the quality activity ability of construction workers, the coordination degree of equipment supply, the level of material allocation, and so on. Taking the minimization of resource consumption and quality grade as the objective function, a project cost optimization and adjustment model based on engineering quality is established, which takes into account the maximum utilization rate of resources, the working face limitation, the speed of material used by workers, the continuous process, and so on. Taking the minimization of cost and resource increment as objective function, an optimal adjustment model of project cost based on duration compression is established. The comparison between the optimized scheme and the traditional scheme is carried out through the application of an example. It reduces the engineering cost significantly and provides the quantitative optimization technical support for the engineering cost practice in the construction stage.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU723.3

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