组团建筑空间室内外污染物扩散研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 08:54

本文选题：组团 + 室内外　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：城市大气污染日益严重,这一现象威胁到终日生活在城市建筑室内外空间的人类的健康,则城市环境问题需要解决控制或降低室内外污染物浓度的方式和方法。在研究城市气态污染时既要考虑以室外空间向室内正向扩散的机动车尾气污染物,也要考虑当室内存在强污染源项时也会向室外空间逆向扩散的废气污染物。另外大尺度的城市形态分析研究依赖于既成事实的城市空间形态所建立的边界范围,对于每一具体空地块范围内的规划设计所要考虑的却是依据规划生长型城市中最小细胞元素即组团建筑的组合、裂变和演变最终形成最适宜于该地块的空间形态设计。因此组团建筑空间范围成为规划设计中首要研究的边界范围,但是组团建筑空间室内外污染物扩散影响因素具备了多样性和复杂性的特点。本文以掌握城市建筑室内外空间污染物双向扩散特性规律为目的,以组团建筑空间为研究对象,采用了基础理论分析、实地测量验证和模拟预测扩展三者结合的数值分析方法,主要展开以下相关研究:首先,依据建筑功能和污染物源项位置定义了组团建筑空间类型;通过对流传热传质分析和影响因素指出了室内外污染物扩散存在环境参数的耦合作用,即除了风,温度和湿度也会影响污染物扩散;在大气污染扩散模式和高架道路污染物扩散计算模式的基础上建立了考虑室内向室外扩散气态污染物的室内外污染物双向扩散数学模型,根据模型中所涉及和简化了的室内外污染物双向扩散主要影响因素,指导设计了不同组团建筑空间类型的实地室内外示踪气体同步测试,并找到各影响因素的权重关系。其次,统计分析了西安市主城区内40条城市交通峡谷空间的环境参数、组团建筑形状因子、叶面积指数和CO源强的基础数据,取得了8种实地测量工况下六个影响因素的基于BP神经网络分析的权重及组团建筑空间微气候设计方法;并针对生活型街谷空间和工业生产型空间和单体建筑室内外空间,分别在不同季节采用昼夜连续性的实地测试方法,分析了在建筑类型和建筑功能空间不同的情况下,室内外污染物双向扩散规律和基于BP神经网络分析的权重,为数值模拟边界条件设计了主要影响因素中主要扩展模拟参数,如环境参数中风向、组团建筑形状因子和有无绿化情况。最后,通过实测与模拟数值误差分析,建立了西安地区室内外污染物扩散数值模拟模型,针对7种多元化组团布局,依次改变其主要扩展模拟参数,以无量纲浓度作为衡量指标得出西安地区的优选组团方案和单体建筑设计优化方案建议。
[Abstract]:Urban air pollution is becoming more and more serious, which threatens the health of people living in the indoor and outdoor space of urban buildings all day long. Therefore, the urban environmental problems need to solve the problem of controlling or reducing the concentration of pollutants in and out of the city. In the study of urban gaseous pollution, we should not only consider the vehicle exhaust gas pollutants which spread positively from outdoor space to the interior, but also consider the exhaust gas pollutants that will be diffused in outdoor space when there is a strong pollution source in the indoor. In addition, the large-scale analysis of urban form depends on the boundary range established by the urban spatial form of fait accompli. However, the planning and design of each specific empty plot should be based on the combination of the smallest cell elements in the growing city, that is, the cluster building, and the fission and evolution will finally form the spatial shape design of the block. Therefore, the space scope of cluster-building becomes the most important boundary range in planning and design, but the influence factors of pollutant diffusion in and out of cluster-building space have the characteristics of diversity and complexity. For the purpose of mastering the bidirectional diffusion characteristics of pollutants in indoor and outdoor space of urban buildings and taking the space of grouped buildings as the research object, this paper adopts a numerical analysis method which combines basic theory analysis, field measurement verification and simulation and prediction expansion. The main research is as follows: firstly, the space type of cluster building is defined according to the function of building and the location of pollutant source term. Based on the analysis of convective heat and mass transfer and influencing factors, the coupling effect of indoor and outdoor pollutant diffusion is pointed out, that is, in addition to wind, temperature and humidity will also affect pollutant diffusion. On the basis of air pollution diffusion model and viaduct pollutant diffusion calculation model, a mathematical model of indoor and outdoor pollutant bidirectional diffusion was established. According to the main factors which affect the bidirectional diffusion of indoor and outdoor pollutants which are involved and simplified in the model, the simultaneous measurement of indoor and outdoor tracer gas with different space types of group building is designed, and the weight relation of each influencing factor is found. Secondly, the environmental parameters, shape factors, leaf area index and CO source of 40 urban traffic canyons in Xi'an are analyzed statistically. The weight and microclimate design method of six factors based on BP neural network analysis are obtained under eight field measurement conditions, and the design method of microclimate in building space is obtained, which is aimed at living street space, industrial production space and indoor and outdoor space of single building. In different seasons, the field test method of diurnal continuity is used to analyze the bidirectional diffusion law of indoor and outdoor pollutants and the weight based on BP neural network analysis under the condition of different building types and building function space. For the numerical simulation of boundary conditions, the main extended simulation parameters, such as wind direction, shape factor and greening condition, are designed. Finally, the numerical simulation model of indoor and outdoor pollutant diffusion in Xi'an area is established by analyzing the numerical error of measured and simulated data. According to 7 kinds of multi-group layout, the main extended simulation parameters are changed in turn. Based on the dimensionless concentration, the optimal group scheme and the optimal design scheme of single building in Xi'an area are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51;TU-024

【相似文献】