热泵型保温烤烟房节能性研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 10:34

本文选题：烟叶烘烤 + 热泵性能　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是一个烟草大国,燃煤烘烤是很长时期内广泛应用的烤烟方式。燃煤消耗对能源与环境日益加重的压力致使烟叶烘烤亟待拓展节能减排的新途径。热泵干燥是一项逐渐成熟且绿色环保的新技术,然而其在烟叶烘烤领域的研究并不十分完善。国内外关于干燥环节上的热泵研究主要集中在提升热泵机组性能与拓展辅助热源联合供热两方面。在改善控制方式、应用高效干燥介质、化学热泵、吸收式热泵等提升热泵制热性能的方面已经有了较为丰硕的成果;在联合式干燥、太阳能辅助能源的研究方面也取得了较大的进展。鉴于烘烤过程的大量排湿,热湿回收的研究也不断推陈出新。从部分热风循环到热湿空气梯级利用;从简单换热器的热量交换到热泵机组热湿回收;如今又发展到烤房群的联合供热。之前的研究存在一些不足。强调单一因素对于热泵机组制热性能的影响,淡化制热工况中其它因素的影响作用;大多研究以生产每千克干烟叶的成本评价干燥系统优劣,难以准确表征系统综合性能。论文从实际的烘烤过程出发,考察结合热湿回收技术的热泵烘烤较之燃煤烘烤的节能效益,分析影响热泵制热性能的因素,提出满足烘烤工艺要求下热泵机组的性能应用公式。在巫山烟区建立实验测试平台,与仿真计算结果相互印证。首先,建立烤房能耗模型并进行仿真计算的对比。利用De ST软件建立了位于重庆市沙坪坝装烟量(鲜烟叶)为4 000kg的燃煤标准烤房与热泵保温烤房(均默认带有热湿回收系统)的数值化模型,动态负荷计算表明,热泵保温烤房与燃煤标准烤房的热负荷峰值分别为32.78k W与37.60k W,热泵保温烤房中保温材料的应用有效降低了热负荷峰值约15.4%,对降低机组容量,提升机组逐时负荷率有积极作用。进一步能耗计算表明,烘烤一次(装入鲜烟叶4000kg,烤后干烟叶800kg)热泵保温烤房平均耗电628.04 k W?h,燃煤标准烤房平均耗电260.00 k W?h,耗煤573.34kg,结合重庆地区物价人力定额水平,热泵保温烤房与燃煤标准烤房一次烘烤成本分别为263.49元与475.07元(皆包含人工管理费),热泵保温烤房相比于燃煤标准烤房节能减排效果显著;通过动态投资回收期方法,论证了热泵保温烤房相较于燃煤标准烤房的投资回收期约为3.96年;利用经济寿命法,讨论了老旧燃煤标准烤房的最佳改造方案,进行热泵烤房的升级是最优选择,其经济寿命最长,为18年。有无热湿回收系统的热泵机组一次烘烤平均耗电量分别为628.04k W?h与785.19k W?h,热湿回收的设置节省电量25.02%,说明热湿回收系统与热泵机组相得益彰,既降低了机组能耗又保留了烟叶烘烤形成的致香物质。采用除湿能耗比(SMER)评价干燥系统综合性能,热泵保温烤房除湿能耗比高出燃煤标准烤房29.30%,系统综合干燥性能优势突出。其次,分析影响热泵制热性能的因素。为了消除室内温湿度控制的影响,采用稳温期(室内温湿度一定)工况分析影响机组制热性能的因素,发现影响机组制热性能的主要是负荷率与室外温度,机组COP随负荷率与室外温度的提高皆有不同程度的升高;在变黄期室外温度对COP的影响微弱,定色期有所提升,干筋期影响显著;负荷率在整个烘烤过程中与机组COP密切相关。分别对变黄期、定色期、干筋期的机组COP与负荷率及室外温度进行“三次十系数”拟合,得到的拟合公式相关系数高,拟合效果好。再者,分析实验测试下的能耗特点。巫山烟区实验测试结果显示,热泵保温烤房每千克干烟的烘烤成本(含人工管理费用)为1.11元,同比燃煤标准烤房的2.97元节约烘烤成本63%。实验条件下热泵保温烤房较之燃煤标准烤房的动态投资回收期为4.02年。最后,对比仿真计算与实验测试结果。利用假设检验法分析仿真计算与实验测试下机组制热性能公式的契合程度,在α=0.05显著性水平下,可以认为仿真计算中得出的制热性能拟合公式与实测数据契合程度高,没有显著差异。采用除湿能耗比(SMER)指标评价仿真计算与实验测试下干燥系统的综合性能,热泵保温烤房均优于燃煤标准烤房,且仿真计算与实验测试结果大体相符,相对误差约14.7%。分析仿真计算与实验测试结果的差异,燃煤标准烤房主要成因在于烤房围护结构不同室外温度下的热量散失有偏差,热泵保温烤房归结于不同工况(负荷率、室外温度等因素不同)下机组制热性能的差别。
[Abstract]:China is a big country of tobacco. Coal burning is a widely used method of flue cured tobacco for a long time. The increasing pressure of coal burning on energy and environment causes the new way of energy saving and emission reduction. Heat pump drying is a new technology which is gradually mature and green. However, the research on the field of tobacco baking is not good. The heat pump research on the drying process is mainly focused on two aspects of the performance of the heat pump unit and the expansion of the auxiliary heat source. In the improvement of the control mode, the application of high efficiency drying medium, the chemical heat pump, the absorption heat pump and so on has already had more fruitful results in the heating performance of the heat pump. The research on drying, solar energy assisted energy has also made great progress. In view of the large amount of wetting in the baking process, the research of heat and humidity recovery is constantly emerging. From hot air circulation to hot wet air, the heat and humidity of heat pump unit is exchanged from heat exchanger to heat and wet recovery of heat pump unit; now it is also developed to the joint supply of roast house group. There are some shortcomings in the previous study. It emphasizes the effect of single factor on the heat performance of the heat pump unit and desalination the influence of other factors in the heating condition. Most of the researches are based on the cost evaluation of the drying system of each kilogram dry tobacco, and it is difficult to accurately characterize the comprehensive performance of the system. Combined with the energy-saving benefit of heat and wet heat recovery technology compared with coal burning, the factors affecting the heat performance of heat pump are analyzed, and the performance formula of the heat pump unit under the requirement of baking process is put forward. The experimental platform is set up in Wushan smoke area, and the simulation results are confirmed. First, the model of the energy consumption of the roast room is established and simulated. The De ST software was used to establish a numerical model of coal burning standard roast house and heat pump thermal insulation roast room in Shapingba, Chongqing, which is 4 000kg, and the dynamic load calculation shows that the heat load peak of the heat pump room and the standard roast house of coal burning is 32.78k W and 37, respectively. .60k W, the application of heat insulation materials in heat heat heat pump room effectively reduces the peak heat load of about 15.4%. It has a positive effect on reducing the capacity of the unit and improving the unit hourly load rate. Further energy consumption calculation shows that the average power consumption of the baking room is 628.04 K W? H, the standard roast room of the heat pump in the heat pump, which has been baked in the fresh tobacco 4000kg and the dry tobacco leaves 800kg). The average power consumption of 260 K W? H, coal consumption 573.34kg, combined with the price human quota level in Chongqing area, the first baking cost of heat pump thermal insulation roast room and coal fired standard roast room is 263.49 yuan and 475.07 yuan respectively (all include artificial management fee), and the heat pump thermal insulation roast room is more effective than the coal standard roast house; through the dynamic investment recovery period It is proved that the investment recovery period of the heat pump thermal insulation room is about 3.96 years compared to the standard roast house of coal burning. By using the method of economic life, the best reform scheme of old standard coal burning house is discussed. It is the best choice to upgrade the heat pump roast room, its economic life is the longest, and the heat pump unit without heat and humidity recovery system is bake at one time. The power consumption is 628.04k W? H and 785.19k W? H respectively. The heat and humidity recovery is set to save the electricity by 25.02%, indicating that the heat and humidity recovery system and the heat pump unit complement each other, not only reduce the energy consumption of the unit, but also retain the aroma substances formed by the flue curing. The energy consumption ratio of dehumidification (SMER) is used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of the drying system, and the energy consumption ratio of the heat pump heat preservation roast room is compared. In order to reduce the heat performance of the heat pump, the factors affecting the heat performance of the heat pump are analyzed. In order to eliminate the influence of the temperature and humidity control in the room, the factors affecting the thermal performance of the unit are analyzed in order to eliminate the influence of the temperature and humidity control in the room. It is found that the main factors affecting the thermal performance of the unit are the load rate and the chamber. Outside temperature, the unit COP increases with the increase of the load rate and the outdoor temperature. In the yellowing period, the outdoor temperature has a weak influence on the COP, the color setting period is improved and the dry period has a significant influence. The load rate is closely related to the unit COP during the whole baking process. The unit COP and the load rate and room in the yellowing period, the color setting period and the dry period are respectively. The outer temperature is fitted with "three times ten coefficients", and the correlation coefficient of the fitting formula is high and the fitting effect is good. Furthermore, the characteristics of energy consumption under the experimental test are analyzed. The result of the experimental test in Wushan smoke area shows that the baking cost of the dry smoke of the heat pump heat preservation roast room is 1.11 yuan (including the artificial management fee), and the 2.97 yuan saving of the coal burning standard house is saved. The dynamic investment recovery period of the heat pump thermal insulation roast room is 4.02 years compared with the coal fired standard roast house under the 63%. test. Finally, the simulation calculation and the experimental test results are compared. Using the hypothesis test method, the agreement degree of the thermal performance formula of the unit under the simulation calculation and the experimental test is analyzed, and the simulation can be considered at the level of alpha =0.05. There is no significant difference between the fitting formula of the thermal performance and the measured data, and the performance of the heat pump heating room is better than that of the coal standard roast room, and the relative error is approximately equal to the relative error. The difference between the 14.7%. analysis simulation calculation and the experimental test results is that the main cause of the coal burning standard roast house is that the heat dissipation of the roast house is different from the outside temperature, and the heat pump thermal insulation room is attributed to the difference of the thermal performance of the unit under the different working conditions (load rate, outdoor temperature and so on).
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU277;TU83

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