建筑防水节点构造标准化在地下防水工程中的应用

发布时间：2018-07-24 14:10

【摘要】：地下室防水节点构造数量种类众多,且这些防水节点构造需承受多力场。地下室防水工程柔性防水层经热熔施工无序安装后,防水卷材各方面的物化性能损失严重,从而导致防水层的耐久性下降,成为渗漏隐患。本文就是从地下室防水节点构造如桩基承台防水工程出发,对以往卷材铺设施工时卷材的性能损耗进行探讨,寻求减少性能损耗的办法,这在以往的研究中探讨不多。有效解决这一问题的办法之一是采用防水节点构造标准化,即对大面积平面或立面状防水层进行现场裁剪浸油聚酯胎,通过加热改性沥青胶料与浸油聚酯胎直接铺设混凝土垫层上,对于节点构造采用防水节点构造标准构件直接进行安装,从而达到地下防水层整体封闭,提高防水层的耐久性。本文对地下室渗漏原因进行了分析,主要原因为防水材料的以次充好、设计粗糙深度不够、施工无序混乱和工程造价的人为降低等四个方面。这些因素中有些是可以避免的,如加强设计、资金投入和专业的施工队伍施工,有些因素是不可避免的,如热熔受热不均等导致安装后材料性能损失和成品卷材多次被裁剪多次接缝等,进而提出了地下防水工程中防水节点构造标准化的必要性。地下室防水工程节点构造主要有后浇带伸缩缝、墙体穿管处、混凝土阴阳角和桩基承台桩头等四大类,本文提出了每种节点构造标准件的制作安装实现条件,并给出了制作安装工艺图。本文通过一系列如高低温试验、拉伸试验和粘接强度等试验,对现场制备防水卷材的力学性能进行测定。试验结果表明,现场制备防水卷材的各项材料性能均满足相关规范和材料标准的要求,在高低温性能和与混凝土垫层结合力等性能方面优于成品防水卷材。本文对桩基承台防水体系的承载特性进行了理论分析,还利用ANSYS软件对现场制备防水卷材受力和变形进行了模拟,随着竖向荷载的增加,桩基承台防水层最大变形逐渐增加,但是呈非线性增长;现场制备防水卷材的厚度增加对最大变形影响较小,可以忽略不计。从理论分析和数值模拟上证明了,现场制备防水卷材能满足地下室系统防水工程承载要求的。
[Abstract]:There are many kinds of waterproof joint structures in basement, and these waterproof joints are subjected to multi-force field. After installation of flexible waterproof layer in basement waterproofing project, the physical and chemical properties of waterproof membrane are seriously lost, which leads to the deterioration of durability of waterproof layer and becomes a hidden danger of leakage. Based on the waterproof joint structure of basement such as pile cap waterproof engineering, this paper probes into the performance loss of the coiled material in the former construction of coiled material laying, and looks for ways to reduce the performance loss, which is not much discussed in the previous research. One of the effective ways to solve this problem is to standardize the structure of waterproofing joints, that is, to cut the oil-impregnated polyester tyres in a large area of flat or vertical waterproof layers in the field. By heating the modified asphalt compound and the oil-impregnated polyester tyre directly laying the concrete cushion, the waterproof joint structure standard component is installed directly, so that the underground waterproof layer can be closed as a whole and the durability of the waterproof layer can be improved. In this paper, the reasons of basement leakage are analyzed, the main reasons are that the waterproof material is inferior, the design roughness depth is not enough, the construction disorder is chaotic and the engineering cost is artificially reduced. Some of these factors can be avoided, such as strengthening design, capital investment and professional construction team construction, and some factors are inevitable. Such as the loss of material performance after installation due to the uneven heating of hot melt and the cutting of finished coils for many times, the necessity of standardization of waterproof joint structure in underground waterproofing engineering is put forward. There are four kinds of joints in basement waterproofing project, such as post-pouring belt expansion joint, wall penetration, concrete yin-yang angle and pile head of pile cap. This paper puts forward the conditions of making and installing standard parts of each kind of joint structure. The installation process diagram is also given. Through a series of tests such as high and low temperature test, tensile test and bonding strength test, the mechanical properties of the waterproofing membrane prepared in the field were measured. The experimental results show that the properties of the waterproofing coiled materials prepared in the field meet the requirements of relevant specifications and material standards, and are superior to the finished waterproofing coils in the aspects of high and low temperature performance and binding force with concrete cushion. In this paper, the bearing characteristics of the waterproof system of pile cap are theoretically analyzed, and the stress and deformation of the waterproof membrane prepared in the field are simulated by using ANSYS software. With the increase of vertical load, the maximum deformation of waterproof layer of pile cap increases gradually. However, the increase of the thickness of the waterproofing membrane has little effect on the maximum deformation and can be ignored. From the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, it is proved that the field preparation of waterproofing membrane can meet the bearing requirements of waterproof engineering in basement system.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU94;TU761.11

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